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Software (System Software (Operating System (Essential, as it manages all…
Software
System Software
Operating System
Essential, as it manages all other programs being used. E.g Microsoft - Windows, Apple - iOS
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Allocating memory
The OS organises the use of main memory between programs and data files.
Data needs to be transferred from a HDD/SDD to main memory (eg RAM) before it can be used.
Locates free memory and allocates it to the program/file.
Processing
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Multi-user systems
Many users at different computers sharing the processor of a powerful computer.
Known as a 'time-sharing' system.
OS switches between computers, giving a lot of processing power at a time (a time slice)
Defragmentation
Computers 'break up' files in to little parts (or fragments) when there is not a continuous block of empty space.
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Antivirus
A virus is a software program designed to copy itself onto another computer to obtain, alter or delete data.
Software updates 'patch' security flaws. Antivirus software is responsible for detecting, blocking and quarantining computer viruses.