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ABX (Banned in food animals (Nitrofurans (broad spectrum, carcinogenic to…
ABX
Banned in food animals
chloramphenicol
Fluoroquinolones
Vancomycin
Metronidazole
Nitrofurans
broad spectrum
carcinogenic to people
treats wounds and UTIs
DES--estrogen
Clenbuterol
respiratory drug
bronchodilator
risks
drug residues
the presence of a chemical or its metabolites in animal tissue or food products
can cause allergic reactions in people
can produce resistant bacteria that can be transferred to people who consume those products
Withdrawal times
aimed at eliminating antibiotic residues in food producing animals
kill normal flora
Can cause allergic reactions
abx resistance
How to abx work
cell wall synthesis inhibition
protein synthesis inhibition
metabolism interference
impairment of DNA/RNA
Damage to the cell membrane
Spectrum of action
the range for which the drug is effective
Gram +/-
acid-fast
a physical property of certain bacteria specifically their resistance to decolorization by acids during staining procedures
aerobic
anaerobic
Types
Narrow spectrum
abx work only on either gram + OR -
Broad spectrum
abx work on both Gram + AND -
Classes
Cell Wall Agents
Bactericidal
Penicillins
Gram +/- depending on the type
Cephalosporins
Bacitracin
cell wall agent
effective against gram positive bacteria
used topically
skin
mm
eyes
too nephrotoxic to use otherwise
Vancomycin
effective against gram +
used in resistant infections
Polymyxin b
attacks the cell membrane of bacteria
narrow spectrum
gram +
used as an ointment or wet dressing
not absorbed PO
NO CATS
Protein synthesis agents
Aminoglycosides
Only work on bacteria