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Patient Infected with Tetanus (Clostridium tetani) demonstrating severe…
Patient Infected with Tetanus (Clostridium tetani) demonstrating severe arm and muscle spasm
Nervous System
Brain
Seizures
Central Nervous System
Motor Neurons
Spinal Cord
Paralysis
Muscular skeletal system
Mandible
Masseter
stiffness
Spasms
Facial muscles
Neck
contractions
Painful muscle stiffness
opisthotonos
Bone Fractures
tendon ruptures
Striated Muscle
Convulsive Spasms
Motor Neurons
Cell Body
Spinal Cord
Synaptic Junctions
Neurotransmitters
Respiratory System
Diaphragm
Spasms
respiratory muscle failure
death
Lungs
Pneumonia
Pharynx
Larynx
laryngospasm
respiratory muscle failure
death
Lymphatic system
Bacterial Infection
Cardiovascular System
heart
palpitations
high BP
Blood stream
Tetanus birdland toxin enters
Tetanus
aka Lock jaw
Neurons are affected
MotorNeurons
Inhibitory Internuerons neurotranmitter
Tetanus toxin prevents Inhibitory interneuron neurotranmitters in synaptic junctions which normally controls contraction of muscle fibers
causing it to constantly fire left with no control over motor neuron
leads to continual release of neurotransmitter
repeated contractions leading to spasms in muscle fibers
Tetanospasmin
GABA
Tetanus Contracted by the use of dirty needle
Patient was never vaccinated against Clostridium tetani
Nervous System
Central Nervous system
Peripheral Nervous System
Sensory neurons
Motor Neurons
Action Potentials occur to send signals from neuron to muscle fiber to contract
Excitation-Contraction Coupling
Sarcolemma of muscle fiber
T-tubules branch throughout muscle fiber
t-tubules make contact with SR creating Triad
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Summation
Spatial summation
multiple presynaptic neurons (EPSP) together release neurotransmitters
Temporal summation
one presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitter many times over a period of time
EPSP
depolarizes membrane
Na+ volted gated channels
excitatory
IPSPS
hyperpolarizes membrane
K+ and chloride channels
inhibitory
Brain
Spinal Cord
Neurons Structural Classification
bipolar
Sensory neurons/Afferent
Multipolar
Interneuron
carry information between motor and sensory neurons
Motor Neuron Efferent
transmit impulses from the spinal cord to skeletal and smooth muscles controlling movement
unipolar
Sensory
collecting information from sensory receptors
collect sensory input from the body and external environment, process and interpret the sensory input (integration) and respond appropriately (motor)
Muscular Skeletal System
Bones
Spine
neck
Limbs
Mandible
Abdominalmuscles
Facial Muscles
Arm muscles
supporting the body, motion, and protecting vital organs
Muscle Fibers
Nueromuscular junction
Clostridium tetani releases tetanospasmin
tetanospasmin toxin binds to the presynaptic membrane of the NMJ
blocks the neurotransmitter release from spinal inhibitory interneurons
Respiratory System
Lungs
Diaphragm
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
allows us to breathe and exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen
Cardiovascular System
Blood Stream
Heart
Transport of nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells throughout the body
Lymphatic System
help rid the body of toxins
transport infection-fighting white blood cells throughout the body