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Muscle Spasm (Background (Clostridium tetani (block ACH recptors (GABA…

- - - - ACh is released, by EXOCYTOSIS
        
        ACh binds to receptor sites on the motor end plate.
        
        Motor end plate becomes depolarized.
        
        Action Potential is initiated on the sarcolemma.
        
        Action Potential propagates along the sarcolemma and down the T-tubules
        
        Calcium ions are released from the terminal
        
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        synaptic cleft
        
        into the synaptic cleft;
        
        calcium is pumped OUT of axon terminal.
  - - - A single contraction that lasts only a fraction of a second
        
        Three phases
        
        Latent phase
        
        duration of a muscle twitch between stimulation and the initiation of the contraction
        
        contraction
        
        duration of a muscle twitch when the muscle contracts or shortens in length
        
        relaxation
        
        duration of a muscle twitch when the muscle returns to its resting length
      - Tetany
        
        frequency of stimulation is rapid
        
        no relaxation
  - - - Synapses
        
        between motor neurons and muscle
      - AcHe
        
        Removes ACH
        
        Stopping muscle contraction
        
        Dendrites
        
        receive impulses
        
        Adjoining neurons
        
        refractory period
        
        neurons action potential
        
        cannot be triggered
        
        axon
        
        fiber
        
        carries messages
        
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  - - - depolarization opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
        
        increase in cytosolic Ca2+
        
        triggers the fusion of synaptic vesicles
        
        pre-synaptic membrane and release of ACh (exocytosis)
  - - - GABA
        
        Glycine
        
        unopposed muscle contraction
        
        produce tetanus toxin
        
        Anaerobic
        
        toxin enters bloodstream to NMJ
        
        to motor nerves
        
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      - neurotransmitters
    - - tetanic seizures
        
        lock jaw
        
        muscle "freeze up"
- - - - No tetanus vaccination
        
        milder manifestation
        
        muscle spasms
- - - - signs
        
        spastic contraction of skeletal muscles
        
        tetanic seizures
        
        lock jaw
        
        respiratory paralysis
        
        toxin binds to SNARE, body must grow new axon termini
        
        Treatment
        
        Muscle relaxants and oxygen
        
        Wound debridement
        
        penicillin to eliminate clostridial cells
        
        Can result in death
      - spores get into a wound
        
        anaerobic environment
        
        toxin enters bloodstream
        
        to NMJ,