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23 year old male demonstrates severe arm and face spasms (muscle (layer…
23 year old male demonstrates severe arm and face spasms
muscle
contraction
motor neuron fires an action potential down axon
action potential carries at axon terminal of motor neuron
voltage gated ca2+ channels open
ca2 enters the axon terminal going down gradient
ca2+ causes ACH to be released from synaptic vesicles by exocytosis
ACH diffuses across synaptic cleft
binds to ACH receptors on sarcolemma
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neurotransmitters
acetylcholine
layer
muscle
fascicle
muscle fiber
myofibril
sarcomere
types of contractions
summation
occurs when seen contraction begins before muscle has completely relaxed
2nd contraction is greater than 1st because muscle is partially contracted
even more calcium is released in cytosol
contractions are added together
twitch
response of a muscle to a single stimulation
muscle fibers contract quickly then relax
may result from certain neuromuscular problems
tetany
incomplete
wave of summation becomes greater an greater progressing to sustained but quivering contraction
complete
muscle reaches muscle maximal tension
muscle relaxation disappears
fuse into smooth sustained contraction
fresh tattoo is visible
brother states he got tattoo yesterday
the tattoo shop was "sketchy"
tattoo needle was dirty giving clostridium tetani
aspires germinate in anaerobic conditions
produce 2 toxins
tetanospasmin
heavy chain
binds to neuronal cells
light chain
attacks attacks vesicles associated membrane protein
blocks the release of neurotransmitters
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tetanolysin
spore forming rod shaped
easily contaminate wounds
spores germinate produce bacteria release neurotoxin