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Patient is experiencing muscle spasms due to a recent tattoo. Results were…
Patient is experiencing muscle spasms due to a recent tattoo. Results were positive with Clostridium tetani.
Upstream Causes: Clostridium tetani interferes with motor neurons, which causes tetanus. Indirect cause was the patient going to an unsanitary tattoo parlor.
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ANATOMY
Differences between a twitch, summation, and tetany
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Tetany: intermittent muscular spasms caused by malfunctioning parathyroid gland and a calcium deficiency
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Clostridium tetani: common soil bacterium usually found in soil and gastrointestinal tracts of animals
If inoculated into a wound, c. tetani can grow and produce a potent toxin, tetanospasmin, which interferes with motor neurons
In NMJ, the toxin acts by blocking the release of neurotransmitters at nerve endings, causing widespread activation of motor neurons and spasming of muscles
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PHYSIOLOGY
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Exocytosis process
Tethering: upon reaching the cell membrane, the vesicle becomes linked to and pulled into contact with membrane
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Trafficking: vesicles are transported to the cell membrane along microtubules of the cytoskeleton; powered by motor proteins kinesins, dyneins, myosins
Fusion
Complete Fusion: two membranes fully fuse to create fusion pore, which allows the contents of vesicle to be expelled
Kiss-and-run Fusion: vesicle temporarily fuses with cell membrane long enough to create fusion pore; vesicle the pulls away and reforms.