patient with facial and arm spasms
got a tattoo from a bad shop with infected needles
caused lockjaw on the patient making him unable to speak
it doesn't freeze or paralyze the muscles, clostridium tetani causes the muscles to go into spasms
if patient remains untreated there will be serious consequences
causes painful muscle spasms
causes fever and high blood pressure
the toxin is a serious bacterial infection that affects the nerves
will result in death if not treated
systems involved
muscular system
immune system
nervous system
respiratory system
differences in muscle contractions
clostridium tetani
neurotransmitters involved in muscle contraction
neuromuscular junction events in action
steps in exocytosis
tetanospasmin is produced and it blocks the nerve signals from your spinal cord to your muscles
clostridium tetani is deposited in a wound and interferes with nerves that control muscle movement
the nerves are blocked to the muscles so this creates severe muscle spasms
the bacteria invades the body and you have an immune response from macrophages
macrophages produce pyrogen in the bloodstream and they make their way to the hypothalmus in the brain
pyrogen binds with receptors in the brain and as a response your body temp rises to try to kill the bacteria
the bacteria causes muscle stiffness in the chest and neck and affects the diaphragm from contracting and flattening causing inability for lung function
the vesicles plasma membrane attaches to the cells plasma membrane
the vesicles membrane fuses to the cell membrane and the molecules inside the vesicle are then released outside of the cell
vesicles containing molecules are transported from within the cell to the cell membrane
summation is when a second stimulus triggers the release of more calcium ions that activate additional sarcomeres while the muscle is still contracting from the first stimulus. this results in greater contraction of the motor unit.
tetany is when the concentration of calcium ions in the sarcoplasm allows virtually all the sarcomeres to form cross bridges and shorten so a contraction can continue uninterrupted until the muscle fatigues and can no longer produce tension
a twitch is a single muscle contraction that lasts only a fraction of a second. they have a latent phase, contraction phase and a relaxation phase.
norepinephrine increase force of skeletal muscle contraction and the rate and force of contraction of the heart
acetylcholine is released at the neuromuscular junction and allows the activation of muscle contraction
gaba helps contracts the enteric muscles during defecation
dopamine allows certain nerve cells to communicate and is critical in functions such as movement, mood, pleasure, attention and motivation
vesicles containing acetylcholine are transported to the cell wall and the neurotransmitters are released via exocytosis
the acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to ligand gated channels on the motor end plate
voltage gated calcium channels release calcium into the axon terminal
the now open channels allow for sodium to enter and potassium to leave the muscle fiber. the amount of sodium entering is greater than the amount of potassium leaving and causes the change in the end plate potential
action potential arrives at the axon terminal of the motor neuron
acetylcholinesterase breaks down the acetylcholine and the ligand gated channel closes action potential then travels across the sarcolemma until it reaches the sarcoplasmic reticulum
the toxins are transported by the motor neurons to the spinal cord and then they destroy the synaptobrevin
the destroyed synaptobrevin result in an inactivation of inhibitory neurotransmission that suppress motor neuron and muscle activity
it affects the ability of the acetylcholine to be released
that then results in enhanced excitability and activation of affected motor neurons
the toxins released by the bacteria travel down the axon and arrive at the axon terminal
systemic aroulation results in continued involuntary mus contractions and could also remit in a localized state of muscle hyperexcitability
produces two toxins
tetanospasmin causes clinical tetanus
tetanolysin causes local tissue destruction