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Section 8.2 (sight (Light enters the eye through the pupil and reaches the…
Section 8.2
sight
Light enters the eye through the pupil and reaches the lense which focuses light in the retina. The retina contains two types of sensitive receptors: Rods and cones.
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Nearsightedness : you can see object that are near but see objects far away blurry because you are eyeball it too long.
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hearing
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Sound waves enter through the outer ear and travel down the auditory cannel and reach the middle ear and then the inner ear where the vibration of air causes the fluid in the cochlea to move stimulating receptor cells.
Hair cells found in the inner ear change sound vibrations into neural signals that travel through the auditory nerve to the brain.
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Auditory nerve: The nerve that carries impulses from the inner ear of the brain, resulting in the perception of sound.
middle ear has 3 tiny bones that make up its structure: hammer, anvil and stirrup
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Smell and taste
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Smell and taste are known as chemical senses because the receptors are s ensile to chemical molecules rather than to light energy and sound waves.
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The combining of taste, smell and tactile sensations is known as flavor
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touch
Receptors in the skin are responsible for providing the brain with at least 4 kinds of information about the environment
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To create a hot or cold sensation, a stimulus must have a temperature greater or less than the temperature of the skin in the sensing area.
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Gate control theory of pain: We can lessen some pains by shifting our attention away from the pain impulses or by sending other signals to compete with the pain signals.
Kinesthesis sense
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sensations of kinesthesis come from receptors in and near muscles, tendons and joints
Without Kinesthetic sensations, your movements would be jerky and uncoordinated. (You wouldn't be able to walk without looking at your feet).
vestibular sense
It manages balance by preventing the movement of liquids inside it which then bend hair follicles and give you balance
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Hair cells project into the fluid within each of the canals. When you turn your head, these canals also move. Inertia causes the fluid in the canals to resist changes in motion, which bends receptor hair cells projecting into the fluid.