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Theories and Approaches in the Ethnographies (Pathologies of Power…
Theories and Approaches in the Ethnographies
YADIT
Marxism
Neo-Marxism
Gramsky - Hegemony
is a condition in which a fundamental class exercises a political, intellectual, and moral role of leadership within a hegemonic system cemented by a common world-view or “organic ideology.
Practice Theory (Bourdieu)
Capital
Economic
Social
includes economic resources that one gains from being part of a network of social relationships, including group membership
Cultural
includes non-economic resources that enable social mobility. Examples of cultural capital would include knowledge, skills, and education
Hegmony
Habitus
It refers to the physical embodiment of cultural capital, to the deeply ingrained habits, skills, and dispositions that we possess due to our life experiences.
code switching
Fields
Post-Modernism
Particularist
- specific to Iran, doesnt compare
Diachronic
External forces
Khosravi emphasizes history - Pre-revolution, post-revolution
Takes history into account
defined as the theory which aims to analyse the fragmentation of contemporary existence
Weapons of the Weak (Scott)
Code Switching as a form of defiance
Post-Colonialism
-
a theoretical approach in various disciplines that is concerned with the lasting impact of colonization in former colonies
Post Structuralism
In Search of Respect
Practice Theory
Capital
Having higher social capital gives them higher status
Habitus
Code Switching
Social Relations - Man who grew up with Ray was beaten
almost
to death for betraying Ray but his relationship to Ray keeps him alive (find page number!)
Tactics
e.g for hiding drugs
That Philippe Bourgois uses
Taking his baby with him so people know that hes not a cop, and therefore trust him more
Advocacy Anthropology
Done in a different way to advocacy anthro used in POP
Political Economy
Materialist Economy - includes gift exchange
Acknowledges societies coming into contact, doesn't see things as Isolated
Legal economy and Illegal economy - the interactions between them
https://www.litcharts.com/lit/in-search-of-respect/summary
Pathologies of Power
Biopsychosocial Model
Can critique that spiritual aspect not included
This looks at illness and healing as products of context expressing the hibridaty between biology and cultural
Ethnographer uses Conflict Centered Approach
Can be critiqued
Universalist
Compares whats happening in one context to another
Can critique in that he oversimplifies the complexities of the culture to make it apply to a wide number of contexts
Allows for application to multiple contexts and advocacy anthropology aspect has impact in a few different societies rather than just the one(s) being studies
Liberation Theology
Preferential option for the poor
Universalist, Conflict centered, Diachronic, Structure Centered
social concern for the poor and political liberation for oppressed peoples
Structure Centered Approach
Political Economy (In health) Neomarxism
Embodiment of social suffering
Economic conditional and how they affect health
Advocacy Anthropology
identifying, addressing and critiquing imbalances in the allocation of power, economic resources, social status and material goods
Remotely Global
Cohesion-Centered Approach
De-emphasizes Conflict
This approach can be critiqued as the ethnographer may be presenting a romanticized version. However we don't necessarily know that this isn't a reflection of reality.
Post-Colonialism
After colonialism the Kabre people Golocalised aspects of western modernity to their own culture, for example the doll heads on the head pieces as well as the pieces of tin the use for their roofs
Post-Modernism
In RG , Piot looks at the history of the kabre people in order to understand how, colonialism affected their society, by doing this he took a diachronic perspective which is a well drawn upon element of post mordernism
Political Economy
Giddens Structuation
Structure and agency are dependent on each other and can't be looked at separately.
CoTaTi
Post colonialism
Edward Said: Othering
Homi Bhabha: hybridity