patient infected with Clostridium tetani
nervous system
brain
nerves
spinal cord
muscular system
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smooth
cardiac
skeletal
structural neurons
bipolar
multipolar
unipolar
functional neurons
interneurons (processing)
motor (efferent)
sensory (afferent)
nervous system
brain processing sensory information. regulating blood pressure and breathing.
action potentials along axons
spinal cord transmits nerve signals
muscular system
smooth-involuntary. hollow organs
cardiac-pumps blood. involuntary
skeletal-moves the body
structural neurons
bipolar-two extensions off cell body. special sensory organs
multipolar-multiple extensions off cell body. most abundant
unipolar-one extension off cell body. spinal cord
functional neurons
interneurons(processing)-within the CNS. predict proper motor output
motor(efferent)-carry impulse away from CNS
sensory(afferent)-transmit impulses from sensory receptors toward CNS
clostridium tetani
clostridium tetani-pathogenic bacteria.
tetanolysin.Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT)
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Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT)-binds to presynaptic membrane of NMJ. sent to spinal cord. blocks neurotransmitter release from spinal inhibitory interneurons.
excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP)
inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP)
EPSP-excitatory post synaptic potential(neuron that gets the message) open channels that depolarize membrane. positive change in charge. Na+
IPSP-inhibitory postsynaptic potentials -open channels that hyperpolarize membrane. negative change in charge. K+. Cl-
blocks the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters at the neuromuscular junction.
Direct cause
indirect cause
patient never got vaccinated against bacterium
summation
temporal
spatial
temporal summation-close in time. one neuron sending multiple messages.
spatial summation-different locations. more than one neuron sending messages
summation-neuron uses more than one message to decide depolarization. electrical sum must reach -55mV to depolarize. Action potential. threshold. voltage gated Na+ channels. EPSP
severe muscle spasms
muscular system
whole body contractions
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muscular system
breathing difficulties
stiffness in neck, jaw & abdominal muscles
respiratory system-lungs
respiratory failure
pulmonary embolism
respiratory system-lungs
cardiovascular system
heart attack due to lack of oxygen
death
heart
smooth cardiac muscle
nervous system
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nerve damage causing involuntary skeletal muscle seizures
brain and spinal cord
acute renal failure
urinary system
kidneys
pneumonia
excitation contraction coupling
excitation contraction coupling-neuron in brain/spinal cord conducts action potentials to muscle fibers
travels across sarcolemma-plasma membrane of muscles
T-tubules-folds on sarcolemma
converting AP's to contractions
sarcoplasmic reticulum-stores Ca+
Calcium release
terminal cisternae-sac like bulge where T-tubules & SR meet
Voltage gated Ca+
Ca+ triggers skeletal muscle contraction
neuron structures
neuron functional class
Neuromuscular juntion