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52 yr old female patient with ALS (cerebrum (gyri (precentral gyrus),…
52 yr old female patient with ALS
cerebrum
gyri
precentral gyrus
postcentral gyrus
longitudinal fissure
sulcus
central sulcus
intermediate mass of thalamus
corpus callosum
pineal gland
hypothalamus
thalamus
fornix
pituitary gland
sulcus. indention. increase surface area
gyri. bump. increase surface area
precentral gyrus-primary motor area
postcentral gyrus-primary sensory.
hypothalamus-hormones from pituitary. temp.blood pressure
fornix-makes memories
pituitary gland-sex, growth hormones
thalamus-relay center. filters sounds & sights
intermediate mass of thalamus-connects right and left of thalamus
pineal gland-secretes melatonin
corpus callosum-connects hemispheres
spinal cord
arachnoid mater
pia mater
dorsal gray horns
central canal
ventral root
white matter
dorsal root ganglion
dorsal median sulcus
ventral median fissure
ventral gray horn
dorsal root
lateral gray horn
dura mater
spinal cord
dura mater-superficial meninges
arachnoid mater-middle menengies
pia mater-deepest meninges
dorsal gray horns-gray matter. posterior. cell bodies of interneurons
central canal-open space. CSF
ventral root-bundle motor neurons. muscles. glands
white matter myelinated axons. outer surface
ventral gray horn gray matter. cell bodies motor neurons. skletal muscles
dorsal root bundle sensory neurons
lateral gray horn gray matter. motor neurons. smooth muscle we dont control
dorsal root ganglion. enlargement dorsal root. sensory neuron cell bodies
dorsal median sulcus-narrow groove posterior side
ventral median fissure-groove anterior side
neurons
sensory
ascending tracts
1st, 2nd, 3rd
spinothalamic tract
motor
descending tracts
corticospinal tract
neurons
sensory-dorsal root-transmits sensory to CNS
motor-ventral root-transmits motor impules from CNS to muscles
skeletal muscles regulate these
desending tracts-sending info down from brain to muscles
2 neurons
upper motor-brainstem-makes decisions about contraction
lower-synapses with muscle. makes movement happen
corticospinal tract-taking info from cerebral cortex to spine
ascending-collecting & sending info up
1st order-detects sensory
2nd order-interneuron
3rd order-in thalamus-sends to correct place
spinothalamic tract-starts in spinal cord. sends info to thalamus to end up in right part of brain
process of movement
basal nuclei
cerebellum
precentral gyrus
descending tracts
process of movement
precentral gyrus-control voluntary muscle movment
basal nuclei-prevents unwanted movements
cerebellum-assists precentral gyrus w skeletal muscle movements
descending tracts-motor tracts. control skeletal muscle
muscular system
wasting-loss of muscle strength and coordination
speech problems
computer assisted speech techniques to help with communication
cramps and involuntary contractions
difficulty in performing daily tasks
paralysis
physical therapy. occupational therapy
robotic gloves to improve mobllity
direct cause
motor neurons are wasting & dying
indirect cause
military service
genetic disposition due to family history
higher risk of environmental toxins
her age
respiratory
inability to breathe or swallow
lungs
pneumonia
tracheostomy and ventilator
weight loss due to inability to eat and muscle deterioration
nutritional support to meet needs
always fatal-no cure
treatments to improve quality of life. See treatments below