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23 yr old male w/severe muscle spam; clostridium tetani (why deadly if…
23 yr old male w/severe muscle spam; clostridium tetani
clostridium tetani
bacteria spread in nervous system
produce toxin: tetanospasmin
spinal cord to muscles
poison blocks nerve signals
toxins in spinal cord caused spams
systems involved
nervous system
muscle system
respiratory system
immune system
integumuntary system
cardiovascular system
events in neuromuscular junction
1)action potential at synaptic knob
2) voltage gated channels open on knob lets ca2+ in
3)ca2+ makes vesicles containing ach exocyte
4)ach diffuses through synaptic cleft
5)binds w/ ligand-gated channels causing them to open
6)allows Na+ in and K+ out
7)causes end plate potential
8) keeps going on sarcolemma
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effects of toxin
blockage in blood stream
no oxygen able to pass
leading to failure where no oxygen is passing
dead organs,tissues,cells,etc
easily affect heart
maybe cause heart to stop
chest pain
death
body stops functioning normal
immediate help
neurotransmitters involved causing muscle contraction
calcium
acetylcholine
sodium
steps in exocytosis
1)action potential gets sent to synaptic knob
2)voltage gated channels open on knob
3)ca2+ goes in causing vesicle to exocyte
4)ach is in vesicle ,gets released in synaptic cleft
differences between all 3
twitch
difference in strength & duration
variations in metabolic properties
enzymes between muscles
summation
two stimuli received by muscle
rapid succession
muscle fibers dont completely relax between stimuli
twitches increase force each stimuli
ca2+ released w/2 stimulus makes shorter stimulates
tetany
higher stimulation results unfused tetanus
quivered contraction
higher stimulus no relaxation at all
fused complate tetanus
smooth sustained contraction plateau
why deadly if untreated ?
mortality rates vary 40-76 %
fractures
muscle spasms &convulsions
aspiration pneumonia
laryngospasm
voice box goes into spasm
causing difficulty breathing
patient can suffocate
tetanic seizures
infection spread to brain
pulmonary embolism
clot in lung
affect breathing
circulation
urgently need oxygen therapy
anti-clotting medication
severe kidney failure (acute renal failure)
spams destruct skeletal muscle
muscle protein leak into urine
cause severe kidney failure