muscle spams
systems
Differentiation
Integumentary
skeletal
nervous
muscular
Twich
single action potential
single contraction
lasts fraction of second
Summation
stimulus frequency increases
increased force of contraction
Tetany
rapid stimulus frequency
muscle doesn't get to relax
sustained contraction
NMJ
nerve action potential
Calcium enters to synaptic terminal
neurotransmitter ACh is released by Exocytosis
Acetylcholine diffuses across cleft
Ach binds on receptors on sarcolemma
Na+ enters , Ligand gated Cation Channels
Depolarization
AP is spread to the anterior of cell via T-Tubule
causes Calcium to leave Sarcoplasm Reticulum
calcium binds to troponin
Calcium initiates contration
as long as ATP present contraction continues
signal from motor end neuron to stop contraction
Repolarization
calcium pumped back into SR
tropomyosin covers the binding site on actin
muscle relaxes
ACETYLCHOLINE IS NEUROTRANSMITTER triggering Muscle contraction
Exocytosis
signal is received
vesicles move toward the membrane
vesicle fuses with the membrane
content in vesicle is releasd
Clostridium tetani
produces Tetanospasmin
interfere motor neurons
potent toxin
block the release of inhibitory neurotransmitter Glycine
blocks GABA
causes spastic paralysis
causes wide activation of Motor neurons
muscle spasm
blocks Ach receptors
retrograde up to the axon
when stays long in blood
muscles stifness
spreads to neck, throat
swallowing difficulties
neck and chest muscle stiffness
breathing difficulties
spine will arch backward when back muscle is affected
toxin is deadly
renal failure
pulmonary embolism
can interfere or stop breathing
lack of oxygen can lead to cardiac arrest & death
pneumonia
by lower respiratory tract infection by inhaling stomach content
Clostridium tetani transmitted to blood when getting tattoo by needle
muscle spasm
toxin multiplies rapidly and very accute
interferes with nerve signals in spinal cord
blocks inhibotor
causes severe spasm
patient was not vaccinated against Clostridium tetani/ bacterium had no resistance to replicate