muscle spams

systems

Differentiation

Integumentary

skeletal

nervous

muscular

Twich

single action potential

single contraction

lasts fraction of second

Summation

stimulus frequency increases

increased force of contraction

Tetany

rapid stimulus frequency

muscle doesn't get to relax

sustained contraction

NMJ

nerve action potential

Calcium enters to synaptic terminal

neurotransmitter ACh is released by Exocytosis

Acetylcholine diffuses across cleft

Ach binds on receptors on sarcolemma

Na+ enters , Ligand gated Cation Channels

Depolarization

AP is spread to the anterior of cell via T-Tubule

causes Calcium to leave Sarcoplasm Reticulum

calcium binds to troponin

Calcium initiates contration

as long as ATP present contraction continues

signal from motor end neuron to stop contraction

Repolarization

calcium pumped back into SR

tropomyosin covers the binding site on actin

muscle relaxes

ACETYLCHOLINE IS NEUROTRANSMITTER triggering Muscle contraction

Exocytosis

signal is received

vesicles move toward the membrane

vesicle fuses with the membrane

content in vesicle is releasd

Clostridium tetani

produces Tetanospasmin

interfere motor neurons

potent toxin

block the release of inhibitory neurotransmitter Glycine

blocks GABA

causes spastic paralysis

causes wide activation of Motor neurons

muscle spasm

blocks Ach receptors

retrograde up to the axon

when stays long in blood

muscles stifness

spreads to neck, throat

swallowing difficulties

neck and chest muscle stiffness

breathing difficulties

spine will arch backward when back muscle is affected

toxin is deadly

renal failure

pulmonary embolism

can interfere or stop breathing

lack of oxygen can lead to cardiac arrest & death

pneumonia

by lower respiratory tract infection by inhaling stomach content

Clostridium tetani transmitted to blood when getting tattoo by needle

muscle spasm

toxin multiplies rapidly and very accute

interferes with nerve signals in spinal cord

blocks inhibotor

causes severe spasm

patient was not vaccinated against Clostridium tetani/ bacterium had no resistance to replicate