Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
a 23 year old man is having severe arm and muscle spasms (Upstream (Direct…
a 23 year old man is having severe arm and muscle spasms
Upstream
Direct cause
He was tattoed with a needle infected with clostridium botulinum
Some ACH is trapped inside the synaptic cleft causing spasms but no enough to sauce tetany or summations
Indirect cause
Clostridum botulinum releases toxin which stop ACH from exocytosing into the synaptic cleft
ACH can't bind to ligand receptors and let in sodium
Downstream
If the toxin stays
Achetlycolesterase will break down the rest of ACH
Paralysis will start to occur
The paralysis will spread from face to limbs and eventually to the respiratory system
Death
Background
Anatomy
Systems involved
Muscular
Muscle
Fascile
Muscle fibers
Myofibril
Sarcomere
4 more items...
Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium
Respiratory
Lungs
Nervous
Lower motor neuron
Synaptic bulb
Synaptic vessicle
Acetylcholine
Lymphatic
Immune system fails because it was not vaccinated before
Muscle Contraction types
Twitch
One stimulation
Latent period
Reach max contraction
Relaxation period
Summation
Multiple Stimulations
Before relaxation period end another stimulation added (1/2 way through relaxation period)
Tension gets stronger with each stimulation addes
Muscle tense at the end of the exersize
Tetany
Continuous Multiple simulations
No relaxation period
Tension reaches max and stays
Eventually muscle fatigues
Physiology
Chain of events in the Neuromuscular Junction and Muscle cell
Step 1
Lower motor Neuron Recieves action potential
Step 2
Ca2+ voltage gated channels open and let Ca2+ and a releases Acetlycholine from synaptic vessicles
Step 3
ACH exocytose into synaptic cleft
Step 4
ACH is the ligand to ligand gated cation channels (binds to the channel) Happens on motor end plate
Neutrotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction
Step 5
Sodium enters the muscle and causes a voltage change (depolarization closer to 0)
Step 6
Sodium voltage gated channels begin to open due to voltage change causes chain reaction down the sarcolemma into the T-tubules
Step 7
Then the action potiential reaches the calcium voltage gated channels connected to the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Step 8
Calcium is released into the sarcoplasm and finds troponin
Step 9
Calcium binds to troponin and tropomyosin moves and reveals the actin binding site
Step 10
Then ATP binds to myosin head and it cocks back and binds to actin binding site when it is revealed by tropomyosin
Step 11
Myosin pulls on actin resulting in the sliding filament movement
Step 12
ATP bind to myosin head so it releases after sliding and step 10-12 repeats till calcium is released from troponin