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The Muscular System (Names of all the muscles categorized based on…
The Muscular System
3 types of muscle tissues
Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscle tissue is composed of long cells called muscle fibers that have a striated appearance.
Muscle fibers are organized into bundles supplied by blood vessels and innervated by motor neurons.
Smooth muscle
- Found in the walls of hollow organs throughout the body like the urinary bladder and the uterus
The arrangement of cells within smooth muscle tissue allows for contraction and relaxation with great elasticity
Artery walls include smooth muscle that relaxes and contracts to move blood through the body
Cardiac muscle
- Found only in the myocardium
Cardiac muscle is made from cells called cardiocytes.
Contracts in response to signals from the cardiac conduction system to make the heart beat.
Body
movement terminology structure and organizational levels of the skeletal muscle
Organizational levels of the skeletal muscle
Sarcolemma, Myofibril, Sarcomere, Myofilament.
The sarcolemma is the specialized plasma membrane of skeletal muscle cells
The main types of body movements include flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and rotation.
Flexion and extension
-movements that occur in the sagittal plane
Flexion refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts
Abduction and adduction motion
- occur within the coronal plane and involve medial-lateral motions of the limbs, fingers, toes, or thumb.
Abduction moves the limb laterally away from the midline of the body, while adduction is the opposing movement that brings the limb toward the body or across the midline
Physiology of muscle contraction
The sliding filament theory
- the explanation for how muscles contract to produce force
The actin and myosin filaments within the sarcomeres of muscle fibers bind to create cross-bridges and slide past one another, creating a contraction.
Names of all the
muscles categorized based on location and their actions
The neck
-The direction of the action can be ipsilateral, which refers to movement in the direction of the contracting muscle, or contralateral, which refers to movement away from the side of the contracting muscle.
Clavicular
Suprahyoid
Infrahyoid
Neck
Torso
Back
Chest
Abdomen
Pelvis
Perineum
Upper limbs
Vertebral column
Thoracic walls
Shoulder
Arm
Forearm
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum superficialis
Hand
opponens pollicis
flexor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis brevis
adductor pollicis
Lower limb
Iliopsoas
psoas major
psoas minor
iliacus
Leg
triceps surae
Peroneus tertius
extensor hallucis longus
tibialis anterior
Plantaris
extensor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
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Foot
Plantar interossei muscles
extensor hallucis brevis
flexor digiti minimi brevis
adductor hallucis
flexor hallucis brevis
extensor digitorum brevis
lumbrical muscle
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Head
Extraocular muscles
Ear
Nose
Mouth
Mastication
Tongue
Extrinsic muscle
Intrinsic
Soft palate
Pharynx
Larynx