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22 year old male with severe cramps (Background (Muscle hierchy (Muscle…
22 year old male with severe cramps
Background
Muscle hierchy
Myofilament or filament
Extended macromolecular structure
Thick filament
Contain bundled myosin molecules
Thin fillament
Contain actin molecules
Thin and thick filament sliding past each other shortens muscle
Elastic filament
Provides recoil when tension releases
Helps maintain myofilament organization
Sarcomere
Segment of a myofibril
Composed of myofilaments
Contractile unit
Contractile proteins
Muscle fiber
Cell
Elongated multinucleate cell
Striated appearence
Surrounded by endomysium
Muscle
Organ
Thousands of muscle cells
Connective tissue wrapping
Blood vessels
Nerve fibers
Covered externally by the epimysium
Fascicle
Portion of the muscle
Discrete bundle of muscle cells
Muscle segregation by a connective tissue sheath
Surrounded by perimysium
Myofibril
Organelle composed of bundles of myofilaments
occupy most of muscle cell volume
Rod like contractile elements
Made of sarcomeres
Excitation-contraction coupling
AP spread along sarcolemma and down T tubules
Calcium ions are released
AP runs along T tubules for the triads
Makes voltage sensitive tubule proteins to change shape
Opens Calcium release channels in terminal cisterns of SR
Allows calcium to flow into cytosol
Calcium binds to troponin removing block action of tropmyosin
Calcium binding makes troponin to change shape
Exposes myosin binding sites on thin filaments
Contraction begins
Myosin binding to actin forms cross bridges and begins contraction
E-C coupling ends
Before EC coupling
AP arrives at axon terminal of motor neuron
Voltage gated channels open
Ca entry causes ACh to be released by exocytosis
ACh binds to receptors on sarcolemma
binding opens chemically gated ion channels
Allows Na into muscle fiber and lets K ions out
This changes membrane potential
Causes AP to spread along sarcolemma
Factors that contribute to fatigue
Impaired blood flow
Ion imbalance within the muscle
Accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle
Increased inorganic phosphate
Decreased glycogen
Fuels and compounds needed
Glycogen
Used for a bit longer excersize
Swim
Longer run
Last 1.4-1.6 minutes
Creatine phosphate
Used for short burst
Weight lifting
Short distance sprint
Lasts 8-10 seconds
ATP
Lasts 3 seconds
Aerobic respiration
Used in endurance event
Marathon
Unlimited
Cramping and fatigue
Anaerobic Exercise
needed to build muscle
Duration
Works out for an hour
Prolonged intense workout
Can cause fatigue
Can cause cramping
Needs to shorten workout
3 exercise per muscle group is sufficient
More than three can damage
Diet
Vegan diet
Consists of fruit juices
Fruit based diet lacks nutrients needed to grow muscle
Stays away from sports drinks which contain electrolytes needed for nervous system
Drinks gallon of water a day
Dislikes soy and tofu
Both important for muscle building and repair
Good protein
Important for proper muscle function and bone health
good source of calcium
Also skips meals on certain days
Works out everyday and runs 4 days out of 7
Rest is needed for muscles to heal
Needs to not run so much or for so long
running 45 min will not help build muscle
Affected systems
Nervous
Not getting the sodium needed
Damage nervous system if he continues with same diet and workout
Muscular
Not getting the proteins needed
Will lead to loosing muscle mass
Skeletal system
Not getting the calcium needed
Upstream
Diet consisting of fruit juices
Works out 1 hour a day
Can be too much depending on what his goal is
Drinks gallon of water a day
Skips meals