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Group Problem Solving (Overcoming Dangers in Discussion (Unequal…

- - - - Three to four people can dig a ditch faster than one
    - - Increased likelihood of catching errors
    - - Participative decision making: people contribute to decisions that affect them
      - People more likely accept solutions they helped create
    - - Helps us consider approaches we might not think of
- - - - Cohesiveness: totality of forces that causes members to feel themselves part of a group and makes them want to remain in group
      - Focus on shared goals
      - Recognize progress toward goals
      - Establish shared norms/values
      - Minimize perceived threats between members
      - Emphasize interdependence
      - Recognize threats from outside group
      - Develop mutual liking/friendship
      - Share group experiences
  - - - Group members become more familiar with one another's positions and tentatively volunteer their own
    - - Group members openly defend their position and question others
    - - Group moves from conflict toward a single solution
    - - Group members endorse the decision they've made
- - - - Determine group's goals
      - Determine individual goals
    - - Word problem as broad, open question
      - Identify criteria for success
      - Gather relevant info
      - Identify supporting and restraining forces
    - - Avoid criticism
      - Encourage unrestricted exchange of ideas
      - Develop large number of ideas
      - Combine two or more individual ideas
    - - Which solution will best produce desired changes?
      - Which solution is most achievable?
      - Which solution contains fewest serious disadvantages?
    - - Identify specific tasks
      - Determine necessary resources
      - Define individual responsibilities
      - Provide for emergencies
    - - Meet to evaluate progress
      - Revise approach as necessary
  - - - Agreement among group members about a decision
      - Utilizes full participation of group, but takes time
    - - Majority rule is "superior"
      - Risky, because while 51% is majority, 49$ is still a lot to rule over
    - - One group member, recognized as an expert, is given power to make a decision
      - Hard to decide who expert is
    - - A few members of the group can decide small matters
      - Better for noncritical questions
    - - One leader makes the decision
      - Quick, but lacks support and quality
- - - - Subgroups simultaneously address an issue and then report back to larger group
    - - Members use a card to list ideas to help equalize participation
    - - Learn how potential users/the public regards a new product/idea
    - - Session that uses specific rules about how topics may be discussed and decisions made
    - - Participants discuss topic informally
    - - Participants divide the topic that allows each member to deliver in-depth info without interruption
    - - Allows nonmembers to add their opinions to the group's deliberations before the group makes a decision
    - - Process in which people let go of the notion that their ideas are superior to others' and try to understand the issue from many perspectives