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Comparative Anatomy 6) Integumentary System (Integumentary system…
Comparative Anatomy
6) Integumentary System
Integumentary system
Structure
Epidermis
continuously renewed with the surface layer (stratum corneum)
sloughed as flakes
replaced by cell division occurring in deepest layers
(stratum basale/ germinativum)
no blood or lymphatic vessels in epidermis,
nourished by diffusion from underlying dermis
keratinised stratified squamus epithelium
Dermis
two layer
-papilary
-reticular
has blood vessels and receptor cells
-thermoregulation
composed of connective tissues(e.g. collagen bundles)
-fibroblast cells- collagen, elastin reticular fibres
subcutis
underneath the dermis
loose connective tissue
interspersed with fat
Function
physical protection- barrier
prevention of dehydration
body temperature regulation
sensory in formation
metabolic actions
excretion of waste
Skin and its derivaties
-sweat and oil glands
-hair (wool, fur)
-nails (claws, hoofs)
Continuous with membrane structure that line the body
e.g. digestive, respiratory, urogenital system
Stucture
TWO layers
Dermis
Epidermis
Glands
sebaceous glands
produce fatty
secretion-sebum
function
-waterproofs and lubricates
-promotes spread of sweat
-retard bacterial growth
-contains pheromones
sweat glands
produce sweat
function
-salt metabolism
-thermoregulation
Hair, feathers
Heavily keratinised epithelial cells formed
into a flexible coliumn
types of hairs
guard hairs
variable depending on coat type, shed and
new hair grows in follicle
wool hairs
soft undercoat-several wool hairs may share folicle
with a single guard hair
Tactile hairs
thickest and longest- eyelids, lips, face
single hair per folicle deep into subcutis layer
surrouded by nerve endings
-provides sensory information
hair growth
Three phases
-anagen
-categen
-telogen
cyclic
prolactin may have a role in growth
footpads, nails, hoofs
footpads
-thickened epidermis with a thick subcutis
-contain a mixture of collagen, elastic fibres and fat
-have sweat glands
nails, claws
grow from bed originating from epidermis,
while sole is derived rim the dermis
hoves
hoof wall grows from the epidermis over the coronary dermis.
dermis has tubes called papillae which produce horn in between the papillae
-intertubular horn is softer and less organised.
laminar epidermis below the wall is arranged into laminae bonding the wall to the bone beneath
layer of soft
horns, antlers, feathers
Describe the structure of skin
Identify other elements of the integument system and how they differ
Name key functions of skin
Investigate the biochemical properties of skin