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immunization (classes of immunoglobulin and their characteristics (IgG…
immunization
classes of immunoglobulin and their characteristics
IgG
most abundant in plasma
main antibody in primary and secondary responses
cross placenta and provide passive immunity
-fixes complement
IgE
secreted by plasma cells in skin and mucous membranes
binds to mast cells and basophils and triggers release of histamine and other chemicals and mediators of inflammation and allergic response
IgM
pentamer attached to B cells or free in plasma
antigen receptor if binds to B cells
first Ig class released by plasma cells during primary response
fixes complement
IgD
always attached to B cells
important in activation of B cells
IgA
monomer in plasma
dimer in secretions
protect mucosal surfaces from pathogens
to reduce the infection use
complementary and alternative therapy
massage therapy
electrotherapy
herbal treatment
cupping
meditation
vaccines types
might have adverse effects
adverse effects and contraindications of immunization
swelling
rash
redness
arthralgia
fever
passive (humoral immunity)
natural
maternal transfer
(placenta and milk)
artificial
antibodies injection transfer
for acute post-exposure elimination of the pathogen
short lived
active (cellular immunity)
natural
infection
artificial
active vaccination
live attenuated
inactivated vaccines
toxoids
live vaccines
polysaccharide
(cellular fraction) vaccines
surface antigen
(recombinant)
polypeptide vaccines
long lived
by using the schedule of our country
innate and adaptive immunity
innate immunity
second line
inflammation
fever
natural killer cells
complement proteins
phagocytes
first line
their secretions
mucous membrane
skin
non-specific
adaptive immunity
third line
B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
specific
the body will produce antibodies against the pathogen
normal flora and pathogens (e.g) in the respiratory tract
normal flora
lower respiratory tract
prevotella
fusobacterium
streptococcus
veillonella
pseudomonas
upper respiratory tract
corynebacterium
staphylococcus epidermidis
staphylococcus aureus
viridians streptococci
pathogens
rubella virus
bordetella pertussis
for example will pass through
influenza viruses
measles virus
streptococcus pneumonia
epidemiological impact of immunization
for example number of pertussis cases in the UAE used to be 228 in 1980 and in 2018 there were only 29 cases thanks for vaccination
numbers could increase if there was
impact of culture and beliefs in medicine
for example vaccination lead to autism which is wrong belief
some natural methods for treatment
antibiotics
for bordetella pertussis
macrolides
azithromycin
moderate spectrum
clarithromycin
erythromycin
to prevent the disease use
immunization schedule in UAE
vaccinations do not protect individuals only it also improve
herd immunity
thus reducing the number of invaccinated people