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Chapter 14 (Concept 14.1 (The Laws of Inheritance (Mendel's Model…
Chapter 14
Concept 14.1
The Laws of Inheritance
- Character - heritable feature varying among individuals
- Trait - each variant for a character
- True breeding - passing down specific traits to offspring
- Hybridization - the crossing of two true breeding varieties
- P Generation (parental generation) - true breeding parents
- F1 Generation (first filial generation) - self pollinate with one another to produce an F2 Generation
The Law of Segregation
Two alleles for a heritable character segregate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes
Mendel's Model
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- Allele - alternate versions of genes account for variations in inherited characters.
Genes are a sequence of nucleotides along chromosomes
- Each character, an organism inherits two copies of a gene, one from each parent
- Dominant Allele - determines organism's appearance
- Recessive - has no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance
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Concept 14.2
Probability Laws
- Multiplication Rule - to determine this probability, we multiply the probability of one event by the probability of another
- Addition Rule - the probability that any one of two or more mutually exclusive events will occur is calculated by adding their individual probabilities
The Laws of Mendel reflect the same ruling of probability. This can apply with tossing a coin and the likeliness of landing on heads, or tails.
Rule of probability can also be applied involving character traits. The Punnett Square can also be a good resource in helping discover the traits of the offspring from parenting genes.
Concept 14.3
Inheritance Patterns
- Complete Dominance - when one offspring mainly looks like one
- Incomplete Dominance - when offspring has a mix of both parental genes
- Codominance - two alleles each effect the phenotype, however, in separate ways
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