• Character - heritable feature varying among individuals
• Trait - each variant for a character
• True breeding - passing down specific traits to offspring

• Hybridization - the crossing of two true breeding varieties

  
  

• P Generation (parental generation) - true breeding parents

• F1 Generation (first filial generation) - self pollinate with one another to produce an F2 Generation

Gregor Mendel breeds plants to study and discover the hereditary process that occurs in organisms.

• Allele - alternate versions of genes account for variations in inherited characters.
  Genes are a sequence of nucleotides along chromosomes
• Each character, an organism inherits two copies of a gene, one from each parent
• Dominant Allele - determines organism's appearance
• Recessive - has no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance

Two alleles for a heritable character segregate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes

Follows a single character; two or more genes assort independently, that is, each pair of alleles segregates independently of any other pair of alleles, during gamete formation

• Multiplication Rule - to determine this probability, we multiply the probability of one event by the probability of another
• Addition Rule - the probability that any one of two or more mutually exclusive events will occur is calculated by adding their individual probabilities

The Laws of Mendel reflect the same ruling of probability. This can apply with tossing a coin and the likeliness of landing on heads, or tails.

Rule of probability can also be applied involving character traits. The Punnett Square can also be a good resource in helping discover the traits of the offspring from parenting genes.