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Unit 2: Topic 2 - Infectious Disease (Virulence Factors (Toxins…
Unit 2: Topic 2 - Infectious Disease
Disease
Infectious
Invasion by pathogens
Transmit from one host to another
Non-Infectious
Genetic and lifestyle diseases
Cannot be 'caugh'
Pathogens
Non-Living
Viruses
Prions
Living
Fungi
Parasites
Protists
Bacteria
Virulence Factors
Adherence Factors
Allows organism/pathogen to attach to host
Invasion Factors
Factors which allow pathogens to enter body/cell
Capsules
Polysaccharide molecules, adhere to host cell & prevents phagocytosis
Toxins
Substances which interfere with normal cell functioning (direct damage/altering)
Endotoxins:
toxin is inside of pathogen,
Exotoxins:
toxin is excreted outside of pathogen
Lifestyle Changes
Modes of Transmission
Direct Contact
Body Fluid Contact
Contaminated Food
Water
Disease Vectors
Major Histocompatability Complex (MHC)
Body recognises own cells with proteins called MHC and foreign cells with antigens
Foreign cells have their own identifiers called antigens
Innate Immunity (General/Non-specific Immunity)
Plants
Physical
Stomata size
Bark
Waxy cuticles
Cell walls
Thorns
Spines
Prickles
Leaves which hang down
Chemical
Nutrients
Soil pH
Exudates (what the plant exudes)
Sap/gum
Phytoanticipin (fungal spore chemical inhibitor)
Plant defensins (proteins inhibit fungi, bacteria and virus inhibitors)
Phytoalexins (plant made antibiotics)
Animals
One-size-fits-all immunity approach