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Causes of Food Security In Chad (Human Causes (Cause 1: Conflict Chad has…
Causes of Food Security In Chad
Human Causes
Cause 1: Conflict
Chad has had to deal with many problems to do with conflict over the years. It has been put under particular strain because of the large amount of refugees coming into the country from neighbouring countries such as Sudan, which has recently had a civil war (
https://www.peaceinsight.org/conflicts/chad/
) As of mid-2019, there are reportedly over 133,000 displaced Chad people, as well as 468,000 refugees or asylum seekers from neighbouring countries (
https://www.usaid.gov/chad/food-assistance
).
Ongoing conflict within Chad contributes to the displacement of many of it's people per year. The displacement of these people also means that they are unable to set up stable farming lands in order to make enough to eat.
Ongoing conflict in Chad also destroys farming lands and agriculture alike. This means that the people who farm here will have lost their source of income and food, meaning that they will most likely go hungry.
The huge influx of refugees from neighbouring countries in conflict means that these people have no money and are not set up for farming in Chad. These people also receive little support from the Chad government. This in turn leads to the starvation of these people, as there is no way for them to get food.
This ongoing conflict also means that the economy of Chad is very unstable, as it is hard to stabilize an economy whilst everyone is fighting a war (
https://www.cap.org.za/interview-warming-chad/
).
Cause 2: Rising Food Prices
Government-set prices for things like cereals, animals, and transportation are impeding effective market functioning (
http://www.foodsecurityportal.org/chad/resources
). Chad also banned imports from Libya, which has further driven up costs (
http://www.foodsecurityportal.org/chad/resources
).
This means that it is harder for the general population to afford such things, leading them to their need for subsistence farming, which is subject to drastic changing weather conditions, leading to loss of crops and therefore little to no food for these people.
Cause 3: Restricted Access to Social Services
Cause 4: Restricted Access to Income Earning Opportinuties
Cause 5: Monoculture
Cause 6: Subsistence Farming
80% of Chad's population is reliant on subsistence farming (
http://www.foodsecurityportal.org/chad/resources
), or the rearing of livestock.
Physical/Natural Causes
Cause 1: Climate Change/Climate Crisis
Chad is one of the hardest hit countries in the world in terms of climate change (
https://www.cap.org.za/interview-warming-chad/
). There is often erratic rains and cyclical droughts (
http://www.foodsecurityportal.org/chad/resources
).
Climate change in Chad means there is a high likelihood of floods in the country due to it's causing of increasingly erratic precipitation.
There is also higher chance of droughts due to climate change aswell.
The temperature is getting consistently higher in Chad, whilst the rainfall amounts continue to decrease, which means they have more dry than rainy seasons (
https://www.cap.org.za/interview-warming-chad/
). This means that it is harder for people to grow crops due to the rising temperature and lack of moisture, which in-turn means that the people reliant on their crops to eat go hungry. People often use the water from Lake Chad to keep their crops healthy, but this supply of water is rapidly diminishing, spelling future disaster for Chad's people reliant on this. 90% of this lake has disappeared from when it began to now.
When cattle and sheep farmers head up North to their farms, the rising temperature means that many of the animals die either on the journey or whilst they're there, meaning that people reliant on these animals for money or food will need to go without.
Cause 2: Geographical Features
Only half of the country of Chad is usable, as the other half is a part of the Sahara desert, and is therefore hard to grow crops in due to the little amount of rainfall it receives per year (
https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/middle-africa/chad
). Due to climate change, this half that is Sahara desert is creeping slowly more south (
https://www.cap.org.za/interview-warming-chad/
). This Northern part of Chad is really only used for the rearing of livestock, as the plains are generally infertile, whilst the South is used for Subsistence farming.
Cause 3: Land-locked
Cause 4: Pest Infestations