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Man with continuing muscle spasms in face and arm. Was infected by a dirty…

- - - - blocks the binding site of GABA neurotransmitter that tells the motor neuron to stop sending signals to the muscles
        
        continuous stimulus frequency causes the muscle to either involuntarily contraction or a lasting contraction that stretches and relaxes the muscle
        
        called rigidity or spasm
- - - - removes released tetanospasmino toxin
        
        then administer metronidazole to slow the progression
        
        patient will then be given a antispasmatic medication to slow or stop the spasms
        
        give the patient antibiotics and monitor the frequency of the spasms
  - - - blood clots in blood vessels of the lungs
        
        no oxygen exchange between the air sacs of the lungs and the blood cappillaries
        
        vital organs like the brain and the heart go without oxygen and if it persists, they will die
      - treatment: immediately incubate so that air is allowed into lungs
    - - the infection has spread to the brain
        
        the convulsions resemble that of an epileptic seizure
        
        the person will be conscious and in pain while the seizures are happening
- - - - Dermis layer of skin
        
        tattoo needle pierce through dermis to deposit the ink
    - - muscle groups in face and arms
        
        Facial muscles affected:
        
        Digastric
        
        Masseter and Temporalis
        
        Hyoid muscles
        
        Pharyngeal muscles
        
        Arms muscles affected:
        
        Biceps brachii
        
        triceps brachii
        
        Deltoid
    - - cranial bones and humerus
        
        mandible
    - - upper motor neurons
        
        cranial neurons and upper appendicular neurons
        
        send signals to muscles so that they can perform movements
      - nerves affected:
        
        facial nerve VII
        
        trygerminal nerve V
        
        vagus nerve X
  - - - motor neuron's axon and muscle fiber almost meet
    - - action potential sent by the brain accepted by the motor neuron
        
        the axon of the motor neuron receives the action potential
        
        Step 2:
        
        Ca2+ voltage- gated channels embedded in the membrane of the axon terminal open
        
        Ca2+ enters the cells
        
        Step 3:
        
        1 more item...
  - - - one single action potential produces a single contraction
      - 3 phases of a twitch
        
        Latent period:
        
        action potential running down sarcolemma
        
        calcium is released
        
        period after stimulus but before contraction begins
        
        Contraction period:
        
        1 more item...
    - - excitation-contraction coupling
        
        the creation and sending of an action potential
        
        travels along the sarcolemma
        
        short period of the rise of Ca2+ levels
        
        both the exciting of a muscle fiber and the contraction resulting from the excitation
      - repeating cycle of excitation-contraction coupling
        
        added together
        
        the end of one coupling result in the fiber relaxing
        
        the process is then repeated again
    - - increased frequency in stimulus
        
        relaxation period disappears
      - 2 types :
        
        unfused tetany
        
        increase in stimulus frequency
        
        progressive sustained quivering contractions
        
        so there is excitation-contraction coupling but there is no relaxation in between each set
        
        fused tetany
        
        increase in stimulus frequency
        
        contraction fuse into one smooth sustained contraction plateau
        
        if prolonged it leads to muscle fatigue