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A 23 year old male patient demonstrating severe face and arm muscle spasms
A 23 year old male patient demonstrating severe face and arm muscle spasms
Muscle contraction
steps
somatic motor nuerons ( found in the central nervous system ) sends signals to the axons
axon branches off from central nervous system to skeletal muscle
then signal goes axon terminal ( aka synaptic knob) ( the first site on the neuromuscular juntion)
action potential open the voltage gated Ca2+ gated channels
calcium enters the synaptic knob
Ca2+ inside triggers a nueron action potential
synaptic vesicles start to exocystosis
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types
summation
stimuli is added before relaxation
is completed from the previous stimuli causing an upstream wave of tension
( stimulus is more frequent than twitch also involves more than one stimuli)
tetany
unfused tetanus
Further increase in stimulus frequency close to maximum causes muscle progress to be almost sustained. It has quivering contraction referred
fused tetanus
If stimuli frequency increase, muscle tension reaches maximum making it a fused tetanus. Its one smooth sustained contraction
twitch
One single action potential will produce a single contraction. A second stimulus is delivered after the muscle relaxes
the patient just got a shoulder tattoo yesterday, and that the tattoo parlor was sketchy.
infected with Clostridium tetani, a common bacterium transmitted by using dirty needles.
bacteria enters from an opening in the skin
bacteria spores release two toxins
tetanolysin
which causes local tissue destruction
tetanospasmin
reaches motor nueron via bloodstream
toxin enter through the axon terminal in the motor nueron
travels through the axon to the neural cell body in the spinal cord
in the spinal cord the motor neurons are controlled by inhibitory internuerons
they do this by releasing inhibitory neurotransmitters into the synaptic junction
this prevents the firing of motor nuerons so that the muscle fibers they control dont constanlty contract
the toxin goes from the motor neuron to the inhibitory internuerons
toxins prevents the release of inhibitory internuerons neurotransmitters
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damages
affects
integumentary system
rupture in skin allows bacteria to come in destroying local tissue
nervous system
blocks nuerotransmitters
muscular system
causes muscle to constanlty contract and have muscle fatigness ( leads to stiffness and spasms)
causes problems in the respiratory system
cuases breathing problems due to the constriction of respiratory muscles
cardiac arrest
lead to suffication ( death )
brain damage
the pressure can cause fractures in bones
lymphatic system
weak to this disease because the lack of vaccinations.
treatments
receive tetanus immune globulin to neutralize the tetanus toxin.
muscle spasms will be treated with muscle relaxants, and may need to be sedated
antibodies for wound infection
if there is difficulty breathng they will be placed on a ventilator to help you breathe.