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23 year old patient is infected with Clostridium tetani:warning: (Systems…
23 year old patient is infected with
Clostridium tetani
:warning:
Tattoo parlor uses dirty needles
Goes to a "sketchy" tattoo parlor
Virulence Factors:
Release Neurotoxin, Tetanospasmin
effects brain, nervous system and muscle
multiply rapidly
Pathogenesis:
High blood pressure
Muscle spasms
Fracture bones
Death
seizures
Tetanus shot
Systems Affected by
C. tetani
Nervous System
release neurotoxin, tetanospasmin
blocks synaptic membrane
transported up the spinal cord
block GABA, neurotransmitter
which then causes spastic paralysis
Muscular System
cause muscle spasms
Skeletal System
can potentially cause fractures from the intense muscle spasm
Respiratory System
can affect Diaphragm spasms (muscular & respiratory)
exhaustion, respiratory failure
Difference Between Twitch, Summation, Tetany
Twitch
one isolated contraction
3 phases
Latent period
action potential running down sarcolemma, calcium relased
Contraction period
Calcium bind to troponin
Relaxation period
calcium pumping out sarcoplasm and back into SR
Summation
results if 2 stimuli are received by a muscle in succession
additional calcium that is released w/ 2nd stimulus stimulates more shortening
muscle fibers do not have time to completely relax between stimuli
increase contrile strength, no relaxation
(incomplete) Tetanus
further increase in stimulus frequency causes muscle to progress to substained
quivering contraction
stays contracted, no relaxation
Neuromuscular Junction
Action-Potential (ZAP)
then allows calcium in the neuron to release ACH
ACH leaves synaptic vessels through exocytosis
ACH attaches to receptors on sarcolemma
ligand gate open and allow sodium in cell
"ZAP" travels down t-tubule
causes voltage gated channels open ( more sodium in)
reaches sarcoplasm reticulum ( calcium is then released )
1 more item...
ACHase breaks down ACH once its finish w/ contraction