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British studies 3 (Constitution (Unwritten Constitution (Historical…

- - - - „Great charter of The Liberties of England“
    - - Thoburn v Sunderland City Council(2002)
- - - - Divided into
        
        Taunton
        
        Rochdale
        
        Means: a Party can lose both elections even though it has the most votes when both are summed up !! (Like LibDems 2001)
        
        2010: Libdems only 57 seats, even though with Proportional Representation would be 149!!!!
        
        Conservative 1st, Labour 2nd, Libdems 3rd
- - - - Lords Spiritual Women act (2015)
        
        Until 2025 the vacancy has to be filled with a woman if one is eligible(not in Canterbury,York.London,Durham and Winchester)
- - - - Parliament of Westminster( Mother of Parliaments)
    - - Holyrood(May 1999)
      - SNP(1st Minister) Nicola Sturgeon
      - Additional Member Voting System
        
        129 Msps
        
        2016 Snp 1st Conservatives 2nd(former 3rd)Labour 3rd(former 2nd)(2016)
        
        2010 Labour 1st, Lib 2nd SNP 3rd
        
        2015 SNP 1 st
        
        2017 SNP 1st, drop but still 2nd best ever result
    - - Winston Churchill(1940-45,1951-55)
        
        Conservative -> Liberal -> Conservative
  - - - PM Prime Minister
        
        Robert Walpole, Earl of Oxford
        
        First PM (from 1721)
        
        Look at the slides
        
        Sir Robert Peel 1834-5, 1841-6
        
        Founder Conservatives
        
        Benjamin Disraeli (1868,1874-80)
        
        Konservative
        
        William Ewart (1868-94, 4 Times in between)
        
        Conservative BUT had liberal attitude
        
        David Lloyd George(1916-22)
        
        liberal
        
        1919 peace conference of Paris
        
        Margaret Thatcher(1979-90)
        
        Conservative
        
        MP for Finchley from 1959
        
        Falklands war (victory)
        
        Against Argentinia to gather the falklands
        
        John Major(1992-97)
        
        Konservative
        
        Tony Blair(1997-2007)
        
        Labour
        
        Gordon Brown (2007-2010)
        
        Labour
        
        Theresa May(2016-2019)
        
        Conservative
        
        David Cameron (2010-2016)
        
        Conservative
        
        Referendum of scottish independence
        
        Brexit referendum
        
        Nick Clegg deputy PM
        
        LibDems(2007-15)
        
        Boris Johnson(2019-)
        
        Conservative
        
        Harold Wilson(1964-70,1974-76)
        
        Labour
        
        Edward Heath(1970-74)
        
        Conservative
        
        Jim Callaghan(1976-79)
        
        Labour
      - Chancellor of the Exchequer
      - Home Secretary
      - Foreign Secretary
  - - - The power to enforce legislation by judgement of cases
        
        Hierarchy of courts
        
        Supreme Court
        
        High Court
        
        High Court judges are wearing wigs(Santa Clause Style)
        
        Crown Court
        
        Look at the table!!
      - Lord Chancellor(was highest judge)
        
        Now Lord Chief Justice since Blair reforms
        
        Robert Buckland MP
    - - The principle of binding judicial precedents
      - Statutes overrule precedents, but case law is bulk of english law
      - Sole remedy = damages
      - Equity
        
        Judge has the freedom to do what is fair, so he doesn‘t solely operate on what is common law
        
        Equity as humanizing feature
        
        Equitable remedy(gerichtliche Verfügung)
        
        Miller v Jackson(1977)
        
        Old Couple moved house because they were offered payments but Cricket playing was still going on (public interest over private interest)
      - England & Wales
    - - Northern Ireland and Scotland have their own, separate legal systems
      - Two advocates
      - Jury/Judge
      - Lay participation
        
        Juries and JP‘s
    - - Germany,France
    - - Scotland,South Africa
- - - - Stand on it barefoot to be crowned
      - Edward I Stole the Stone for coronation
      - Returned to scottland in 1996 but is used for coronations in England