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CIVICS AND CITIZENSHIP (freedoms (freedom of association (People in…

- - - - Democratic values are the beliefs and ideals that are held by our society as a democracy.
      - respect
        
        treating others with consideration and valuing their views, beliefs and rights
      - equality
        
        rights and privileges for all, without discrimination based on gender, race, religion, age, sexual orientation or level of education; all citizens have the right to the same opportunities
      - fairness
        
        all people are treated fairly, or without injustice, and are given equal opportunity; also known as a ‘fair go’ in Australia
      - freedom
        
        rights, privileges and responsibilities for all without interference, or control from other citizens or government
    - - Australia’s system of government is based on the Westminster system. The Westminster system is a form of parliamentary government originating in the United Kingdom. It is named after the area of London where the British parliament is located
    - - The concept of justice can have many different definitions. The idea of justice can mean different things to people from different societies and cultures. For some it might mean payback, while for others it might mean fairness. However, the concept of justice in Australia ultimately means that people should treat each other in a manner that is fair and balanced.
    - - The concept of participation is an important part of living in a democracy. It refers to the way good citizens contribute to or take part in society. In Australia, we participate in the running of society in a number of ways, such as by voting in an election or referendum, serving on a jury or paying taxes. These things help our government to deliver services to our community, which we in turn will benefit from.
    - - The concept of rights and responsibilities refers to our entitlements and duties as citizens. The rights and responsibilities we experience in Australia are an important part of living in a democracy. Our rights ensure we are able to have a say in the way our country is run and are treated fairly in the process. On the other hand, our civic responsibilities ensure we contribute to our society in order to keep it going as a strong democracy.
    - - a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.
  - - - the position or status of being a citizen of a particular country.
      - Being an Australian citizen entitles you to the right to: live in Australia. apply for an Australian passport and to leave and re-enter Australia without applying for a resident return visa.
      - a person’s status as a citizen; a citizen is a person who legally lives in a geographical area such as a town or country; in a wider context, citizenship encompasses the rights and responsibilities citizens exercise
    - - the way in which people of many different cultures, races and religions live peacefully with one another as equals
    - - a system of government where people elect representatives to parliament in order to make laws which reflect the views of the majority of voters
    - - the elected members of parliament who make decisions for a nation or state; the government is made up of the party or coalition that has won a majority of seats in the lower house of parliament; the lower house of federal parliament is the House of Representatives; the upper house is the Senate
    - - the national or state law-making body that is made up of elected representatives in both the upper and lower houses with a head of state; in Australia, the national parliament is referred to as the Commonwealth or federal parliament
    - - the study of the rights and responsibilities of citizens and how government works
  - - - Civics and citizenship students ask lots of questions. They don’t believe everything they read and carefully consider why someone takes a certain point of view or acts in a certain way. For example, when they see politicians talking in the media, they listen to their arguments and seek out different points of view.
      - They also check facts and look at the arguments for and against a certain issue before reaching their own conclusions. When civics and citizenship students state their own viewpoint, they support their views with evidence such as statistics, cases from the past, quotes from what others have said and sound reasoning.
    - - A useful source is one that will add to your understanding of a civics and citizenship inquiry. The source needs to be relevant to the topic and reliable. The following are good questions to ask in order to determine whether a source is useful: • Is it a reliable source? • Is there enough information and sufficient detail to help me answer the inquiry question? • Does the information support evidence from other sources? • Is it balanced or does it present one point of view (bias)? • Is it based on fact or opinion? • Is the information current?
    - - In civics and citizenship it is important to understand not only what opinion is being expressed but why it is being expressed. It is useful to consider why a person may have a certain point of view. For example, the family of a victim of crime may say to the media that a sentence given to a criminal was insufficient and unjust. This may be true, but it’s important to consider how the opinion of these family members might be influenced by the emotions of losing a loved one. Listening and being respectful of opinions that may be different to our own is an important skill to learn in civics and citizenship.
    - - In every subject, there is a common language that is used. Certain terms form part of important concepts and are essential in helping us understand these concepts.