THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Is a group of organs that EXTRACT NUTRIENTS from food and ELIMINATE WASTE PRODUCTS

THE MOUTH

THE OESOPHAGUS

  1. We BITE,CRUSH AND CHEW solid food
  1. SALIVARY GLANDS podruce saliva it make easier to CHEW and SWALLOW
  1. TONGUE moves FOOD and form BOLUS
  1. THE BOLUS passes into the OESOPHAGUS
  1. At the TOP , the EPIGLOTIS stops food from going into LUNGS
  1. The walls of the OESOPHAGUS have muscles (relax and contract) that push the BOLUS of food down the oesophagus to the STOMACH

THE STOMACH

  1. THE BOLUS OF FOOD combined with GASTRID JUICES break down the food and kill bacteria

2.stomach contract and relax, mixing the food and gastric juices to form CHYME

THE INTESTINES

  1. THE CHYME passes from the STOMACH TO INTESTINES
  1. CHYME mixes with BILE (LIVER) and PANCREATIC JUICES (PANCREAS)
  1. The liquid breakdown the chyme INTO NUTRIENTS.
  1. NUTRIENTS ARE ABSROBED INTO THE BLOOD TROUGH THE SMALL INTESTINE
  1. WASTE passes into the LARGE INTESTINE where extra water is absorbed back into the body
  1. the rest of WASTE psses into the RECTUM and then leaves the BODY trough the ANUS

THE RESPIRATOTY SYSTEM

Takes OXYGEN from the air (BREATHE IN). Our CELLS combine OXYGEN (O2)+ other nutrients to produce energy. During this process Cells produce Waste (CARBON DIOXIDE / CO2) that we eliminated when we BREATHE OUT

Captura de pantalla 2019-10-29 a las 19.24.16

RESPIRATION

  1. Air enter our nose and mouth and goes trough TRACHEA
  1. TRACHEA goes down the chest and divided into two tubes called 1BRONCHI
  1. BRONCHUS divides into smaller and smaller BRONCHI . The smallest are called Bronchioles
  1. AT the ends of BRONCHIOLES there are air sacs called ALVEOLI covered by Capillaries

GAS EXCHANGE

  1. When fresh air reaches the ALVEOLI there is
    A Gas exchange.
  2. Oxygen passes trough the ALVEOLI into BLOOD and AT THE SAME TIME CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) passes from the BLOOd into ALVEOLI
  3. when we BREATHE OUT the air leaves our body through: ALVEOLI - BRONCHIOLES - BRONCHI - TRACHEA - NOSE AND MOUTH

Captura de pantalla 2019-10-29 a las 21.50.42

BREATHE IN AND OUT

BREATHE IN (INHALE )

BREATHE OUT (EXHALE)

  • DIAPHRAGM CONTRACTS, BECAME FLATTER AND MOVES DOWN .

THE LUNGS INFLATE

THE RIBCAGE EXPANDS

  • DIAPHRAGM RELAXES AND MOVES UP

LUNGS DEFLATE

RIBS CAGE CONTRACT AND GETS SMALLER

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Carried BLOOD around the body. The HEART pumps BLOOD trough a network of blood vessels

BLOOD has FOUR MAIN COMPONENTS:

PLASMA

RED BLOOD CELLS

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

PLATELETS

  • Is a yellow liquid.
    -Is 90% water.
  • carried NUTRIENTS and WASTE products
  • Carry OXIGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE
  • GIVE BLOOD its RED COLOUR

FIGHT INFECTIONS

particles that joint togheter when there is a cut

BLOOD VESSELS

ARTERIES

CAPILLARIES

VEINS

Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to capillaries in the rest of the body

TINY BLOOD VESSELS WITH THIN WALLS . GASES and SUBSTANCES can pass trough them

Carry deoxygenated Blood from capillaries to the heart

THE HEART

HAS FOUR CHAMBERS:
-The top two are the RIGHT ATRIUM and LEFT ATRIUM
-THE BOTTOM TWO RIGHT VENTRICLE AND LEFT VENTRICLE

-BLOOD enters the HEART trough the ATRIA
THEN IT FLOWS into the VENTRICLES where it is pumped out

There are VALVES that STOP the BLOOD from flowing backwards

CIRCULATION

THE HEART PUMPS BLOOD AROUND THE BODY IN A DOUBLE CIRCUIT

PULMONARY CIRCULATION

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

THE HEART pumps DEOXYGENATED BLOOD TO LUNGS.
BLOOD absorb OXYGEN
OXYGENATED BLOOD flow back to the HEART

THE HEART pumps OXYGENATED BLOOD to the rest of the body.
When the BLOOD returns to the heart it is DEOXYGENATED

HOW BLOOD CIRCULATES

  1. DEOXYGENATED BLOOD enters the RIGHT atrium. This BLOOD goes to RIGHT VENTRICLE which pumps it trought the PULMONARY ARTERY
  1. In The LUNGS the BLOOD releases (CO2) and takes (O2)
  1. OXYGENATED BLOOD enters the LEFT ATRIUM then it goes to the LEFT VENTRICLE AND then it goes to the rest of the body through the AORTA
  1. From the AORTA the blood goes to the ARTERIES AND CAPILLARIES . IN CAPILLARIES GAS EXCHANGE OCCURS (release O2 and takes CO2)
  1. DEOXYGENATED BLOOD flows into SMALL veins and then into LARGER ones.
    THE LASRGEST VEIN are SUPERIOR VENA CAVA and THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA.
    THEY CARRIED DEOXYGENATED BLOOD to the RIGHT ATRIA and the process star again

EXCRETORY SYSTEM

EXCRETES waste products. Includes URINARY SYSTEM (URINE) and the SWEAT GLANDS (SWEAT)

URINARY SYSTEM

SWEAT GLANDS

HELPS to keep our BLOOD clean. Removes WASTE product from the body

  1. RENAL ARTERIES carry blood to the KIDNEYS where WASTE products are removed
  1. WASTE PRODUCTS mix with WATER to make URINE.
  1. URINE travels down The URETERS to the BLADDER
  1. When the BLADDER IS FULL sends signals to the brain. ( Go to the toilet and URINE)
  1. URINE leaves the body trough the URETHRA

OUR BODY also eliminates waste through SWEAT GLANDS in our skin.
When we gets hot, SWEAT GLANDS excretes SWEAT
SWEAT is a mixture of water, salt and other minerals.

Layer of skin

EPIDERMIS

DERMIS

is the outer layer of the skin

Is the layer BELOW EPIDERMIS

SWEAT GLANDS are produced in the DERMIS

SWEAT leaves the body through tiny holes in the EPIDERMIS called PORES

GEMA ESPINOSA PALOMARES