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Community Ecology (Concepts (Community (group of species occur together @…
Community Ecology
Concepts
Community
group of species occur together @ same place same time
Succession
predictable sequence of changes
Climax community
stability returns
Community restoration
have minimal impact on other organisms
Habitat loss/fragmentation
preserving ecosystems
Diversity
Diversity and scale
Scale
community diversity
Species-area relationship
relationship b/ area and species richness
Species abundance distribution
number of species abundance
Diversity and Latitude
effect of northern latitudes effects diversity scale
Predator-Prey Interactions
One Predator, One Prey
Functional response
time needed to find prey and eat it
Prey-dependent
feeding rate dependent on prey density
Zero growth isocline
effect of prey density on predator populations
Paradox enrichment
finding balance of conditions for prey and predator
Maximum Sustained Yield
harvesting enough of a species to keep population density
Fixed effort Harvesting
amount of prey that can be harvested with a particular amount of effort
Fixed Quota harvesting
fixed number harvested with unlimited effort and time
Predator Selection Among Multiple Prey
Optimal Foraging Theory
understanding why herbivores eat some plants and not others
Optimal Diet Model
model based on optimal diet model
Competition Between Species
Exploitation Competition
resource competition when organisms use same resource
Interference Competition
one organism restricts another organisms access to the resource
Resource
any substance leading to increased growth rates
Apparent Competiton
plants are not competing for and using the same resource
Beneficial Interactions Between Species
Mutualistic Relationship
when two organisms interact such that both benefit
Facilitation
one organism helping another with no benefit
Nurse Plants
help younger off spring of other organism
Primary Succesion
organisms become established on newly created substrates
Metapopulations in Patchy Environments
Metapopulation
local populations connected by migration and gene flow
Source Habitat
high quality patch
Sink Habitat
low quality patch
Fugitive Species
survives by colonizing new patches
Assisted Dispersal
capturing animals in one area and releasing in another
Interconnectedness of Species: Food Chains and Food Webs
Food Chain
direct line of consumption
Food web
a network of numerous interrelationships
Energy Flow Web
to trace how energy flows through the community
Keystone Species
the presence or absence of certain species dramatically affects the structure to their community