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23 year old male patient with severe face and arm muscle spasms (events…
23 year old male patient with severe face and arm muscle spasms
upstream
why is patient experiencing spasms instead of flaccid paralysis, tetany, or some other muscle symptom?
neuromuscular juntion is not normal
chemical imbalances
tightens the muscle involuntarily
What indirectly led up to this patient experiencing these spasms?
going to an unprofessional tattoo artist
clostridium tetani
involuntary contraction
anaerobic bacterium
did not get the vaccine
downstream
if toxin remains in the bloodstream, what other effects might the toxin have?
infect muscles
deadly
infect organs
infect nerves
infection on skin
Deadly condition if untreated, why?
neurotoxins
fatal infection in the nervous system
lethal poison
systems involved
nervous
brain
facial muscle activity
muscular
arm muscle
movement
stabilize joints
spasms
integumentary
skin
respiratory
oxygen
events that occur at the neuromuscular junction
action potential at the axon terminal of motor neuron
voltage gated Ca2+ channels open, enters the axon terminal, moving down its electrochemical gradient
Ca2+ entry causes ACh to be released by exocytosis
ACh diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to ACh receptors on the sarcolemma
ACh binding opens gated ion channels that allow Na+ into the muscle fiber
ACh effects are terminated by acetylcholinesterase and diffused away(end plate potential)
neurotransmitters involved in triggering muscle contraction
ACh-acetylcholine
steps in exocytosis
ACh binds receptors on the junctional folds of the sarcolemma
Na+ passes through the gated channels into the muscle fiber
motor neuron's axon terminal releases ACh
motor neuron fires an action potential
difference between twitch, summation, and tetany
summation
increases the force of contraction by increasing the frequency of the stimulus of the muscle fibers
tetany
sustained contraction that occurs when the frequency of stimulation is so rapid that there's no relaxation
response of a muscle to a single stimulation
period of contraction
period of relaxation
latent period
clostridium tetani
produces 2 toxins
tetanospasmin
tetanolysin
NMJ
shortage of ACh receptors
affects neurons and their ability to release neurotransmitters