Endocrine Glands
parathyroid
pineal gland
pancreas
thyroid
posterior pituitary
adrenal cortex
adrenal medulla
anterior pituitary
Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormones (ACTH)
Growth Hormone (GH)
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Peptide hormone that binds to nuclear receptor proteins
Liver and other tissues
Simulates tissue to produce IGF-I, which stimulates proliferation of chondrocytes, resulting in bone growth
Steroid hormone that binds to nuclear receptor proteins
Mammary glands
Stimulates the mammary gland development and milk production
Adenylate Cyclase-Cyclic AMP second messenger system
Tubules of Gonads
Ovarian follicle growth, estrogen secretion, and spermatogenesis
Adenylate Cyclase-Cyclic AMP second messenger system
Leydig cells of Gonads
Adenylate Cyclase-Cyclic AMP second messenger system
Adenylate Cyclase-Cyclic AMP second messenger system
Ovulation, luteinization of follicles, and testosterone secretion
Adrenal Cortex
Cortisol Secretion
Thyroid Gland
Stimulates thyroid to make and release thyroid hormones into the blood
Mineralocorticoids (Mainly Aldosterone)
Adrenal Androgens
Glucocorticoids (Most Cortisol)
Steroid hormone that binds to nuclear receptor proteins
Liver and Muscles
Influence glucose metabolism
Steroid hormone that binds to nuclear receptor proteins
Kidneys
Promote Na+ and K+ excretion
Steroid hormone that binds to nuclear receptor proteins
Gonads
Promote growth of axillary and public hair
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Antidiuretic Hormone
Oxytocin
Phospholipase C-Ca2+ second messenger system
Phospholipase C-Ca2+ second messenger system
Heart, bronchioles, and blood vessels
Heart, smooth muscles, and kidneys
Causes androgenic stimulation
Increases heart rate and blood pressure, triggers release of glucose, increases blood flow to skeletal muscle, reduces blood flow to gastrointestinal system, and inhibits voiding of the bladder and gastrointestinal motility
Protein hormone that binds to nuclear receptor proteins
Kidneys and blood vessels
Promotes water retention and vasoconstriction
Peptide hormone that binds to nuclear receptor proteins
Uterus and mammary glands
Stimulates contraction of uterus and mammary secretory units, promoting milk ejection
Triiodothyronine
Calcitonin
Thyroxine
Steroid hormone that binds to nuclear receptor proteins
Most organs
Promote growth and development and stimulate basal rate of cell respiration
Steroid hormone that binds to nuclear receptor proteins
Most organs
Promote growth and development and stimulate basal rate of cell respiration
Adenylate Cyclase-Cyclic AMP second messenger system
Most organs
May participate in the regulation of Ca2+ levels
Parathyroid Hormone
Peptide hormone that binds to nuclear receptor proteins
Bone, small intestine, and kidneys
Increases Ca2+ concentration in blood
Insulin
Glucagon
Tyrosine kinase second messenger system
Adenylate Cyclase-Cyclic AMP second messenger system
Liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue
Promotes cellular uptake of glucose and formation of glycogen and fat
Liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue
Stimulates hydrolysis of glycogen and fat
Melatonin
Steroid hormone that binds to nuclear receptor proteins
Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
Affects secretion of gonadotrophin hormones