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Endocrine Glands (anterior pituitary (Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)…
Endocrine Glands
anterior pituitary
Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Adenylate Cyclase-Cyclic AMP second messenger system
Tubules of Gonads
Ovarian follicle growth, estrogen secretion, and spermatogenesis
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Adenylate Cyclase-Cyclic AMP second messenger system
Leydig cells of Gonads
Ovulation, luteinization of follicles, and testosterone secretion
Prolactin (PRL)
Steroid hormone that binds to nuclear receptor proteins
Mammary glands
Stimulates the mammary gland development and milk production
Adrenocorticotropic Hormones (ACTH)
Adenylate Cyclase-Cyclic AMP second messenger system
Adrenal Cortex
Cortisol Secretion
Growth Hormone (GH)
Peptide hormone that binds to nuclear receptor proteins
Liver and other tissues
Simulates tissue to produce IGF-I, which stimulates proliferation of chondrocytes, resulting in bone growth
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Adenylate Cyclase-Cyclic AMP second messenger system
Thyroid Gland
Stimulates thyroid to make and release thyroid hormones into the blood
thyroid
Triiodothyronine
Steroid hormone that binds to nuclear receptor proteins
Most organs
Promote growth and development and stimulate basal rate of cell respiration
Calcitonin
Adenylate Cyclase-Cyclic AMP second messenger system
Most organs
May participate in the regulation of Ca2+ levels
Thyroxine
Steroid hormone that binds to nuclear receptor proteins
Most organs
Promote growth and development and stimulate basal rate of cell respiration
adrenal cortex
Mineralocorticoids (Mainly Aldosterone)
Steroid hormone that binds to nuclear receptor proteins
Kidneys
Promote Na+ and K+ excretion
Adrenal Androgens
Steroid hormone that binds to nuclear receptor proteins
Gonads
Promote growth of axillary and public hair
Glucocorticoids (Most Cortisol)
Steroid hormone that binds to nuclear receptor proteins
Liver and Muscles
Influence glucose metabolism
pancreas
Insulin
Tyrosine kinase second messenger system
Liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue
Promotes cellular uptake of glucose and formation of glycogen and fat
Glucagon
Adenylate Cyclase-Cyclic AMP second messenger system
Liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue
Stimulates hydrolysis of glycogen and fat
posterior pituitary
Antidiuretic Hormone
Protein hormone that binds to nuclear receptor proteins
Kidneys and blood vessels
Promotes water retention and vasoconstriction
Oxytocin
Peptide hormone that binds to nuclear receptor proteins
Uterus and mammary glands
Stimulates contraction of uterus and mammary secretory units, promoting milk ejection
adrenal medulla
Epinephrine
Phospholipase C-Ca2+ second messenger system
Heart, bronchioles, and blood vessels
Causes androgenic stimulation
Norepinephrine
Phospholipase C-Ca2+ second messenger system
Heart, smooth muscles, and kidneys
Increases heart rate and blood pressure, triggers release of glucose, increases blood flow to skeletal muscle, reduces blood flow to gastrointestinal system, and inhibits voiding of the bladder and gastrointestinal motility
parathyroid
Parathyroid Hormone
Peptide hormone that binds to nuclear receptor proteins
Bone, small intestine, and kidneys
Increases Ca2+ concentration in blood
pineal gland
Melatonin
Steroid hormone that binds to nuclear receptor proteins
Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
Affects secretion of gonadotrophin hormones