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Muscular System (ORGANIZATION/CLASSIFICATIONS LEVELS: (Common pattern of…

- - - - Criteria used to name muscle include their location, shape, relative size, fiber (fascicle) direction, number of origins, attachment sites (orign/inserton), and action
- - - - Back skeletal muscle
- - - - Themporalis: close jaw; elevates and retacts mandible maintian position of rest deep anterior help protract mandible
        
        Orbicularis Oculi: close eye; produce blinking and squinting pulls eyebrow inferiorly
        
        Orbicularis oris: lips encircle mouth control lip and mouth
        
        Zygomaticus: raise lateral corners of mouth; smile
        
        Masseter: Prime mover of of jaw closer elevates mandible
        
        Buccinator: compress cheeck hold food between teeth during chewing pulls corner of muth laterally whistling and sucking
        
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    - - Pectoralis major: adducts and medially rotate arm aganist resistance clavicular part asist flex when extend and sternal asist extension
        
        Trapezius: stabilizes elevates retracts and rotate scapular
        
        Rectus Abdominis: flex and rotate lubar region of vertebral column
        
        External Obliques: flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall
        
        Latissimus Dorsi: prime mover of arm extension powerful arm adductor medially rotate arm
        
        Erector Spinae: prime mover of back extension provide resistance help control bending forward at waist
      - THIGH & LEG
        
        Iliopsoas: flex thigh at hip joint chief joint
        
        Sartorius: move hip joint knee joint make weak synergist muscle; weak abduct and lateral rotate thigh
        
        Adductor muscle: adduct femor and in nervated by abturator nerve form medial wall of femoral
        
        Quadracep group: essential motion sucnas asist felxion of thigh at knee joint and stabllising patella during movement
        
        Gluteus maximus: major extensor of thigh complex powerful and most effective when flexed and force laterally rotates and abducts thigh
        
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    - - Bicep Brachll: control movement of joint and elbow essential to lifting forearm
        
        Tricep Brachll: powerful forearm extensor pirme mover of medial head
        
        Deltoid: prime mover of arm abduction when all fibers contract simultaneously
        
        Flexor Carpi Radialis: powerful flexer of hand abduct hand weak synergist forearm flexion
        
        Flexor Digitorium Superficiali: flexes hand and middle phalange of second 5th finger
        
        Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: powerful flexor and addutor of hand stablize wrist during finger extension
        
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- - - - Smooth muscle: located chiefly in walls of hollow organs, controlled voluntarily
- - - - to return muscleto their pre-exercise state, ATP must be produce aerobically and used to regenerate creatine phosphate glycogen reserves must be metabolism
        
        Oxygen used to accomplish repayment called excess postexercise oxygen consumplion (EPOC)
        
        Regular aerobic exercise give skeletal muscle increase efficiency ednurance strength and resistance to fatigue
        
        Resistance exercise cause hypertrophy and large gain in strength
        
        immobilizing muscle lead to muscle weakness and severe atrophy