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Organization and Management (Race, ethnicity, education (Characteristics …
Organization and Management
Educational goals
Social efficiency
Goal:
focus on training workers and having human capital
Private good
Political role, conservative politics
Invest educating workforce
Occupational hierarchy
Limits possibilities and equality in the name of economy
Social mobility
Goal:
focus on preparing individuals to compete for social positions
Private good
Individual need
Perspective from tax payers and employers
Social competition for market roles
Graded Hierarchy
Pursuit of credential over the acquisition of knowledge
Democratic equality
Goal:
prepare citizens on political constructing goals
Public good and rights
Prepare citizens to get full responsability of the collective judgement
Upgrade skills more than adquisition of credentials
Progressive politic
Education & inequality
Inequality types
Social background
Gender
Ethnicity
Inequality
Causes:
family background SES
Consequences:
Poor performance
Low motivation
Dropouts
Unemployment
Solutions
:
Places in elite schools
Reforms
Teacher quality improvement
Factors
In school, between schools, outside school
Relation between family, school and peers
SES (High= success)
Education and economic growth
Qualitative
(cognitive skills of students)
For more developed countries with established educational system
Quantitative
(years of schooling)
Could work in developing countries without established school system
Economic growth formula
Quality + productive institutional framework
Dual system
Main features
combines practice and theory
gives and option
40-60% of german population
Support companies and apprentices
Advantages
Company
Less Budget for working force
Increase company productivity
Government
Economic grows
Trainee
Working experience
Low youth unemployment
Disadvantages
Company
Resource consuming
Government
Low engagement
Trainee
Low pay and Limited job selection
Limitation in people with disabilities
Not attractive
Singapore
Main principles
Learning life long skills:
Teacher uses holistic learning approach
Character and citizenship education subject
Differentiated Learning:
Teacher gets more autonomy
Gifted education program
Subject based bending
Elective programs
Engaged Learning:
Teacher designs learning opportunities
SEED Project (preschool)
Project work (sec school)
Expansion of IT in education:
Teacher receives IT Training
1 Laptop for 2 S
Finland Education System
Focuses on deep and broad learning that is equally distributed to all fields while in the rest of the world the learning is targeted in specific fields and already fixed
Factors
Basic School for all
Well-Trained teachers
Adjusting curriculum
Education policies:
Flexibility and loose standards
Broad learning with creativity
Intelligent accountability
Trust-based
Ideas:
Early education (pre-school)
Main points:
Cognitive developments
Social capacity
Emotional development
Physical development
Theories:
Froebel F.
Montessori M.
Steiner R.
Piage J.
Major studies on early education:
HighScope/Perry Project
Abecedarian Project
Chicago Longitudinal study (low cost)
Family and education
Definition:
Parental aspirations for their children’s academic achievement and parents conveyance of such aspirations to their children
Factors connected to academic achievement of children
SES
Low
stressful situations
access to resources (tutors, school materials, healthy food, health care)
less parental involvement (quality time, reading, speak less, more TV)-
High
stress (pressure)
high expectations
cognitive capacity
lack of emotional support
Results:
Parental expectations and aspirations for the children's educational achievement has
the strongest relationship
with students academic achievement.
Family wealth affection
Higher academical chances
Better basic skills and connection between:
Human Capital
(competing knowledge)
Social Capital
(understanding/relating to norms and social class of the elites)
Financial Capital
(better economical starting point and development)
Research on parental involvement and academical achievement:
Stronger than global and subject specific indicators (GPA & subject grades)
Race, ethnicity, education
Characteristics of the Population
White
67% of the population
European descendants
Have more access to higher education
74.5% High School Graduation
Good SAT college entrance exam
Best rates in Post Secondary
Native
1%of the population
Marginalised and Opressed
Highest drop-out rates
51% High School Graduation
Lowest Post Secondary Grades
Asian
4.3% of the population
High levels of attainment
76.8% High School Graduation
7.5% Post secondary rates
Black
14% of the population
Struggle with the English Language
53% High School Graduation
Low Post Secondary rates
Latin
12.8% of the population
Underperformance in rates
50% High School Graduation
Good Post Secondary rates
normally segregated
Definition
Race:
Socially constructed categories with phenotypical differences among humans
Ethnicity:
Ancestry with shared cultural linguistic & historical background
Social Structure
Tries to relate the racial and social gap with education
4 theories
Maximally manteined inequality:
Held by dominant groups
Looks for credentialism
Effectively maintained inequality:
Different curriculum Tracking
Reproduction Theory:
Bowls and Gintis 1976
Schools in capitalist societies are designed to reproduce the class system by providing different education depending on origin
Resistance Theory:
Schools reproduce inequality
Student resist acquiring credentials
Cultural Forms
Cultural capital
Cultural deficil & difference
Oppositional cultural framework
Abstract & concrete attitudes
Stereotype threat
Family Characteristics
Financial & human capital
Social capital
Biological Determinism
Peers
Peer groups and crowds
Best friends, close friends, peer groups are similar regarding: the use of alcohol, drugs (negative behavior), academically outcomes, athletes, dating, sexual behavior
Homophily (to affiliate with others who have similar attributes)
Selection
Socialization
Definitions:
Peer groups: a group of peers who one communicate often with.
Crowds:
Motivation
Motivation= Expectancy * value
Can be understood as:
Intrinsic value
Utility value
Life-long learning
Characteristics of workplace learning
Different fields have different different cultures and learners have different background ( age, education, profession,)
Learning at the workplace vs. school
Increasing cooperation between education and work
Work-based learning
Formal and informal learning
Work + school
