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A skinny 22 year old male having cramping issues despite of he is working…

- - - - Energy efficiency of contraction
        
        Slow in contraction but maintains for long periods with energy, also most of smooth muscles moderate degree of contraction without fatigue
      - Regulation of contraction
        
        Hormones and local chemicals
        
        Some smooth muscles have no nerve supply, depolarize, it has hormones, high CO2, pH and low oxygen and some smooth muscle respond to both neutral and chemical stimuli
        
        Neutral regulation
        
        The response depends on the neurotransmitter and type of receptor, neurotransmitter have stimulatory effect on one organ and inhibitory effect on other
      - Mechanism of contraction
        
        Synchronized contractions and cells are coupled by gap junctions
  - - - Skeletal muscle tissues are packaged into skeletal muscle, they are organs attached to bones and skin
    - - They are longest of all the muscles and have stripes
    - - Each muscle have a nerve, artery and veins, nerves supply fibers to control activity and fibers require large amount of oxygen and nutrients.
      - Connective tissue sheaths
        
        All skeletal muscle and fibers are covered in connective tissues, supports cells and sheaths from external to internal
        
        Perimysium
        
        Dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the groups of fibers called fascicles
        
        Endomysium
        
        Loose areolar connective tissue surrounds and insulates all muscle fibers electrically
        
        Epimysium
        
        Dense irregular connective tissue surrounds entire muscle and they blend with deep or superficial fascia
        
        Deep fascia
        
        Dense irregular connective tissue that is external to epimysium and separates each muscles and binds muscles with same functions
    - - Insertion
        
        Attachment of muscles to movable bones
      - Origin
        
        Attachment of Muscles to immovable or less movable muscles
      - Indirect Attachment
        
        Connective tissue wraps muscle through tendons or aponeurosis
      - Direct Attachment
        
        Epimysium fused to the periosteum of bone or perichondrium of cartilage
    - - Sarcoplasm
        
        Muscle fiber cytoplasm
      - Modified Organelles
        
        Sarcoplasmic reticulum
        
        Smooth endoplasmic reticulum tubules that surrounds myofibril
        
        T tubules
        
        Transverse tube formed by the projection of sarcolemma into interior cell
        
        Myofibrils
        
        Densely packed rodlike elements
        
        Myrofibril features
        
        Sarcomeres
        
        Smallest contractile unit of muscle fiber that contains A band with half I band at each end, individual sarcomeres align from end to end
        
        Myofilaments
        
        Arrangement of actin and myosin myofilaments in sarcomeres
        
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        Cross bridges
        
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        Tropomyosin
        
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        Striations
        
        Stripes formed from the repeating series of bands with length of each myofibril
        
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      - Sarcolemma
        
        Muscle fiber plasma membrane
  - - - Able to short by force when stimulated
    - - Able to stretch
    - - Able to receive and respond to stimuli
    - - Able to recoil to resting length
  - - - Steps of Excitation contraction coupling
        
        Step 1
        
        The AP propagates with sarcolemma and down the T tubules
        
        Step 2
        
        Release of calcium ions.
  - - - Ionic imbalances cause fatigue
      - Decreased glycogen is highly correlated with fatigue
      - Excess post exercise oxygen consumption
        
        All replenishing steps that require extra oxygen, formerly called oxygen debt
        
        Reserved ATP and creatine phosphate are resynthesized
        
        Glycogen stores are replaced
        
        Lactic acid is converted to pyruvic acid
        
        Oxygen reserves are restored
  - - - Factors of muscle contraction
        
        Number of stimulated muscle fibers
        
        The more recruitment, the greater the force
        
        Relative size of fibers
        
        The bulkier the muscle, the greater is tension
        
        Frequency of stimulation
        
        The higher the frequency, the greater the force
        
        Degree of muscle stretch
        
        Muscle fibers with sarcomeres that are 80% to 120% generate more force