A skinny 22-year old is trying to quickly get fit taking on heavy workouts and new diet which instead is causing him severe cramps and muscle weight loss.
Factors
Diet
Steps
Step 1: Action potential spread along the sarcolemma to the T-tubules (transverse tubules)
Step 2: Calcium is released into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Step 3: Calcium binds to actin and the blocking action of the tropomyosin is removed
Step 4: Myosin heads attach to begin contraction
Step 5: Calcium is removed and the binding sites on actin become blocked again by tropomyosin
Step 6: Muscles relaxes
Medical causes
Anatomy
Microscopically Visible Feature
A band
H zone
I band
M line
Z disc
Zig-zag line of Z line proteins and actin binding proteins perpendicular to sarcomere
Region of thick-filament myosin proteins
Central region of the A band with no overlapping actin proteins when muscle is relaxed
Region of thin-filament actin proteins, with no myosin
M line accessory proteins in center of myosin thick filament perpendicular to the sarcomere
Levels of Organization
Molecular level
Microscopic level
Cell level
Tissue level
Organ level
Actin and Myosin
Sarcomere and Myofibrils
Myoblasts and Myofibers
Neuromuscular junctions and Fascicles
Major skeletal muscles of the body
Myosin - a protein that converts the chemical energy stored in the bonds of ATP into the kinetic energy of movement
Myofilaments - Organized structures in muscle cells that contain the actin and myosin
Muscle cells - contain organelles found in all cells, including nuclei, the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and the golgi apparatus.
T-tubules - conduct an action potential along the surface of the muscle fiber into triads that trigger the release of Ca2+ ions from the nearby terminal cisternae
unrelenting exhaustion may be a sign of an underlying illness, such as a thyroid disorder, heart disease or diabetes.
Lifestyle causes
alcohol or drugs or lack of regular exercise can lead to feelings of fatigue.
Workplace causes
workplace stress can lead to feelings of fatigue
Emotional & stress
fatigue is a common symptom of mental health problems, such as depression and grief
Fuels & Other Compounds
ATP/CP
Carbohydrate
Fat
Protein
Serum free fatty acids
Serum triglycerides
Muscle triglycerides
Adipose tissue
Various tissues
Blood glucose
Liver glycogen
Muscle glycogen
Muscle protein
Fluids
Vitamins & Minerals
B vitamins
Iron-deficiency anemia
Osteoporosis
Lifestyle choices (indirect)
Weight training
Treadmill
Drinking gallon of water
fruit juices
Pro- Elevates metabolism, burn calories, weight loss.
Con- Muscle soreness, stress factures, damaging joints
Pro- Burn calories, reduce blood glucose levels, improves muscle tone
Con- knee pain,
Pro- strengths immune system, aids digestion, weight loss.
Con- high in calories, high sugar
Pro- speeds metabolism, regulates body temp, lubricate joints
Con- may cause sodium levels in blood to drop low
Muscle cramping, weight loss, muscle loss, overworking muscles, soreness, too intense on body, not enough meals (direct)
click to edit
Fatigue
Heavy workout on muscles
Lack of exercise in past
exhausting the muscles due to not being used in past
Cramping
Muscle stretching/tearing
Lack of muscle workout in the past
Starting out hard instead of light to harder workouts
Muscle loss
Not sleeping enough
Not allowing to recover
Not eating enough protein
Loosing weight too fast
continue to lose weight
muscle loss
continue to have soreness, cramping.
Not gain muscle
Tiredness from working out too much and no rest
Regimen
Shorter workouts due to muscle tiredness
Shorter workouts due to fuel
cramping
tiredness
overworking the body
Workout quality decreases
Body might break down muscle for energy
Other systems
Abnormal heart rhythms, weakening bones, central fatigue doesn't work the same from being tired or sore.
Cardiac- stresses of pressure/stress overload
Digestion- slows digestion, works less efficient, gets sluggish
Respiratory- heart rate increases, breathing rate and depth increases.
Cardiovascular - lowered resting heart rate, cardiac output, changes in blood flow
Muscular - increasing muscle contractions, increase pulse and body temp.