tissue injury

skin anatomy

antibiotics

microbiota

innate immunity barrier

dermis

epidermis

subcutaneous

stratum granulosum

stratum spinosum

stratum lucidum

stratum basal

stratum corneum

sweat gland

sebaceous gland

hair follicles

nerve

pilli muscle

arterioles and venules

cell death

burns

injuries

inflammation

how to reduce the risks of burns

healing

complications of healing

non-specific

first line of defense

second line of defense

mucous membrane

secretions of skin and mucous membrane

skin

phagocytic leukocyte

antimicrobial proteins

inflammatory response

fever

part of the

normal flora

foreign

which fight pathogens

large intestine

skin

nose

staphylococcus epidermidis

any microbiota that are pathogenic and cause infection

E.coli

staphylococcus aureus

enterococci

vagina

staphylococcus saprophyticus

upper respiratory tract

streptococcus pneumonia

viridans streptococcus

might be opportunistic if they enter an area that do not belong

by a protective response

a protective response of the body to harmful stimuli, aiming to discard the irritant, stop its spread, and begin the process of healing of the affected tissues

cardinal signs

redness

heat

swelling

pain

limitation of movement

and with the help of drugs

medications that destroy or slow down the growth of bacteria

cell wall inhibitors

increase cell membrane permeability

protein synthesis inhibitors

interfere with nucleic acid synthesis

antimetabolites

viral replication

is the process of the restoration of health from an unbalanced, diseased or damaged organism

regeneration

repair

a type of healing in which new growth completely restores portions of damaged tissue to their normal state

restoration of damaged tissue structure and function

minor injuries

damaged tissues restore their structure and function

major injuries

scar formation which may result in structural abnormalities that impair organ function

excessive scaring

non healed wounds

diabetes

medications

poor nutrition

poor circulation

infection

pressure ulcer

drinking alcohol

age

keloid scar

hypertrophic scar

may lead to

osteomyelitis

edema

hematomas

dehiscence

peri-wound dermatitis

tissue necrosis and gangrene

tissue damage caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, sun light, nuclear radiation

third degree

fourth degree

second degree

first degree

superficial (epidermis)

partial thickness superficial (epidermis and dermis) part of the dermis

full thickness (epidermis and dermis) exposed to muscle

full thickness (exposed to bone)

mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antibiotics

drug degradation

mutation and gene transfere

reduced antibiotic uptake

vertical

horizontal

mutation

gene transfer

transformation

conjugation

transduction

beta-lactamase

efflux

decreased cell permeability

some wont be affected due to

leading to

might have some

necrosis

apoptosis

crush injury

avulsion

amputation

puncture

abrasion

laceration

and

lead to

programmed cell death

cell death due to infection, injury, lack blood supply

for example death of skin cells

and to be aware of the risks

enforcement

education

engineering

do not leave food cooking on the stove unattended

slowly pour liquids from a hot kettle

keep electrical supplies away from water

do not use and heat conducting handles

creation and implementation of guideline, codes and lows

is the passing and enforcement of legislation of factors discussed in engineering

smoke detectors and alarms

smoke detector legislation

Mohammad Abdulla
U18101843