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Boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Anatomy (Oxidative (Fast oxidative…
Boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Mutations in the DMD gene
DMD provides instruction in making dystrophin
dystrophin in muscle cells allow stability and protects muscle fibers
increasingly clumsy, tripped going up stairs
not walking correctly
mornings feels weak
led to his fall
Muscular system
muscle weakness
issues with walking
Skeletal system
Scoliosis
confined to wheelchair
Respiratory system
weakness in diaphragm & surrounding muscles
could lead to death
Anatomy
Glycolytic
Fast glycogen fibers
build ATP from glycogen
contract quickly
Skeletal Muscle Fiber
Sarcolemma=plasma membrane
tendon= attach muscle to bone/ dense regular ct
endomysium= sheet of ct that surrounds muscle tissue
fascicles= groups of muscle fibers
epimysium= ct surrounding entire muscle
sarcroplasmic reticulum= smooth er storing calcium in resting muscle cell
myofibrils= contractile fibers inside muscle cell
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Oxidative
Fast oxidative fibers
build ATP with the Electron Transport Chain
contract quickly
Slow oxidative fibers
built ATP from Electron Transport Chain
contract slowly
Sarcomere
filled with thin myofilaments actin/ thick myofilaments myosin
tropomyosin= regulatory protein
Troponin= regulatory protein, interacts with calcium
Muscular & Skeletal system
skeletal muscle tissue cells=muscle fibers
sarcoplasm
sarcoplasmic reticulum= store calcium
Bone remodeling
physiology
skeletal muscle fiber
muscle contraction
Cross Bridge Cycle
Cross Bridge formation
the power stroke (actin/myosin slide, passed each other)
Cross Bridge detachment
cocking the myosin head (to begin again)
Central Dogma
genetic info from DNA to RNA (transcription & translation)
Sacromere
contractile unit of a muscle cell
Bone Remodeling
synthesis and destruction for mature structure of a bone
normal calcium levels in the body
osteoclasts= break down bones, in bone marrow
osteoblasts= rebuild bones, compact bone