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Muscles (Naming Muscles (4-Direction of fascicles (Pennate (Unipennate…
Muscles
Naming Muscles
1-Location
2-Shape
3-Relative Size
4-Direction of fascicles
Parallel
Strap-like
Sartorius
Fusiform
Biceps brachii
Convergent
Origin broad then converge toward tendon
Pectoralis major
Pennate
Unipennate
Fascicle insert into one side of tendon
Extensor digitorium longus
Bipennate
Fascicle insert into the tendon from both sides
Rectus femoris
Multipennate
Fascicle insert into one large tendon from several sides
Deltoid
Circular
Arranged in rings
Orbicularis oris/oculi
5-Location attachment
6-Number of origins
7-Action
Extension
Crosses on
posterior
side
Latissimus dorsi
Opposite for lower limbs
Abduction
Crosses on
latera
l side
Deltoid
Flexion
Crosses on
anterior
side
Pectoralis major
Opposite for lower limbs
Adduction
Crosses on
media
l side
Teres major
Golden Rules
All skeletal muscles cross at least one joint and muscles act on joints they cross
Bulk of muscle lies proximal to the joint crossed
During contraction insertion moves towards origin
Ventral Muscles are flexors and Dorsal muscles and extensor (except for lower limbs)
Muscle and joint share same nerve supply
Red slow-twitch
Large no. of mitochondria and myoglobin (Red)
Rich supply of capillaries
Contract slowly and resistant to fatigue
Prolonged contraction
Extensor muscle of back
White fast-twitch
Few myoglobin and mitochondria
Generate much more power
Contract rapidly and fatigue quickly
Eye
Intermediate fast-twitch
High myglobin content and rich capillary supply
More powerful than red slow-twitch
Contract quickly and somewhat fatigue resistant
Muscles of lower limbs
Muscle functional classification
Agonist
Prime mover
Antagonist
Opposes movement
Synergist
Fixator
Hold bone firmly in place while prime mover contracts
Helps prime mover
Adding extra force
Reducing undesirable movement
Muscle
Fascicle
Muscle fiber (cell)
Myofibril
Sarcomere
A band (Dark)
Contains Myosin and Actin
H zone
M line
Holds adjacent thick filaments together
Only contains thick filaments
I band (Light)
Contain Actin
Z disc
Actin filaments from adjacent sarcomeres
Sarcolemma
Perimysium
Endomysium
Epimysium
Lever
Fulcrum
Effort
Load
Anything lifted
Class 2
Heel joint
Class 3
Elbow joint
Class 1
Between skull and atlas
Muscle contraction
Joint
Bone
