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Communicating in Groups and Teams (The Nature of Groups and Teams (What…
Communicating in Groups and Teams
The Nature of Groups and Teams
What makes group a team
Clear and inspiring shared goals.
A result-driven structure.
Competent team members.
Unified commitment.
Collaborative climate.
Standards of excellence.
External support and recognition.
Principled leadership.
Virtual Groups
people who interact with one another via mediated channels, without meeting face-to-face.
What is a group
Group
---A small collection of people whose members interact with one another, usually face-to-face, over time in order to reach goals.
Size
Set the lower limit of group size at three members.
Time
A collection of people who interact for a short while doesn't qualify as a group.
Interdependence
Group members are interdependent.
Interaction
Without interaction, a collection of people isn't a group.
Characteristics of Groups and Teams
Patterns of Interaction
all-channel network
---A communication network pattern in which group members are frequently together and share all information with one another.
Wheel network
---A communication network in which a gatekeeper regulates the flow of information from all other members.
Sociogram
---A graphic representation of the interaction patterns in a group.
Gatekeeper
---Person in a small group through whom communication among other members flows.
Chain network
---A communication network in which information passes sequentially from one member to another.
Roles
The patterns of behavior expected of group members.
Formal role
---A role assigned to a person by group members or an organization, usually to establish order.
Dysfunctional roles
---Individual roles played by group members that inhibit the group's effective operation.
Social roles
---Emotional roles concerned with maintaining smooth personal relationships among group members. Also termed "maintenance functions".
Task role
---Roles group members take on in order to help solve a problem.
Informal role
---A role usually not explicitly recognized by a group that describes functions of group members, rather than their positions. These are sometimes called "functional roles".
Rules and Norms
Rule
---An explicit, officially stated guideline that governs group functions and member behavior.
Norms
---Shared values, beliefs, behaviors, and procedures that govern a group's operation.
Procedural norms
---Norms that describe rules for the group's operation.
Task Norms
---Group norms that govern the way members handle the job at hand.
Social norms
---Group norms that govern the way members relate to one another.
Goals of Groups and Their Members
Group goals
Goals that a group collectively seeks to accomplish.The same dynamics of group work apply.
Individual goals
Individual motives for joining a group. Related to the group's official reason for existing.
Hidden agendas
---Individual goals that group members are unwilling to reveal.
Leadership and Communication
Understanding leadership
Leadership Styles
Democratic leadership
---A style in which the leader invites the group's participation in decision making.
Authoritarian leadership
---A style in which the designated leader uses coercive and reward power to indicate the group's actions.
Laissez-faire leadership
---A style in which the designated leader gives up his or her formal role, transforming the group into a loose collection of individuals.
Servant leadership
---A style based on the idea that a leader's job is mostly to recruit outstanding team members and provide the support they need to do a good job.
Dimensions of Leadership
Situational Approach
Situational Leadership
---A theory that argues that the most effective leadership style varies according to leader-member relations, the nominal leader's power, and the task structure.
Balancing Task and Relational Goals: The Leadership Grid
Leadership Grid
---A two-dimensional model that identifies leadership style as a combination of concern for people and for the task at hand.
Impoverished Management
Country Club Management
Authority Obedience
Middle-of-the-Road Management
Team Management
Trait Theories
Trait theories of leadership
---A school of thought based on the belief that some people are born to be leaders and others are not.
Transformational Leadership
Transformational leaders
---Defined by their devotion to help a team fulfill an important mission.
Becoming a Leader
Emergent Leader
---A member who assumes leadership roles without being appointed by higher-ups.
Frequent participation.
Demonstrated competence.
Assertion, not aggression.
Provide a solution in a time of crisis.
Support of other members.
Followership and Communication
The power of Followers
Power
---The ability to influence others' thoughts and/or actions.
Expert Power
---the ability to influence others by virtue of one's perceived expertise on the subject in question.
Connection Power
---The influence granted by virtue of a member's ability to develop relationships that help the group reach its goal.
Coercive Power
---The power to influence others by the threat or imposition of unpleasant consequences.
Reward Power
---The ability to influence others by the granting or promising of desirable consequences.
Referent Power
---The ability to influence others by virtue of the degree to which one is liked or respected.
Power isn't an either-or concept
Power is distributed among group members.
Power is group centered.
Types of Followers
Participants
They attempt to have an impact. Some participants support leader's efforts, whereas others work in opposition.
Activists
They are more energetically and passionately engaged than participants.
Bystanders
They are aware of what's going on around them, but they tend to hang back and watch rather than play an active work.
Diehards
They will sometimes sacrifice themselves for the cause.
Isolates
They are indifferent to the overall goals of the organization and communicate very little with people outside their immediate environment.
Legitimate power
---The ability to influence a group owing to one's position in a group.
Nominal leader
---The person who is identified by title as the leader of a group.