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Patient has a new tattoo on his shoulder and is now experiencing severe…

- - - - Voltage- Gated Calcium (Ca2+) Channels Open
      - Calcium Binds to Troponin
      - Membrane of a Muscle Fiber Depolarizes
      - Tropomyosin Unblocks the Myosin- Binding Sites on Actin
      - Chemically- Gated Sodium (Na*) Channels Open
      - Myosin Attaches to ( and Slides Past) Actin
      - Neuron releases Acetylcholine (ACh)
    - - Temporal Summation
        
        Add up Together
        
        Threshold Reached, AP Fires
        
        Rapidly Firing, Close in Time
      - Spatial Summation
        
        More than One Neuron Fires
        
        Same time, Different Location
        
        Threshold Reached, AP Fires
      - No Summation
        
        Do Not Add Together
        
        Slowly Firing, Far apart in Time
        
        Threshold Never Reached, No AP
      - Spatial Summation of EPSPs & IPSPs
        
        More than One Neuron Fires, IPSP & EPSP
        
        Cancels Each Other Out
    - - Neurons Add up Messages, Predict to Depolarize or Not
      - Must Reach Threshold, -55 mV
      - Voltage Sodium Channels Open
      - Axon Hillock Depolarizes (where summation occurs), Generates AP
      - AP Reaches Synaptic End Bulb
      - Voltage Gated Ca2 Channels Open
      - Neurotransmitters by Exocytosis
    - - Interference with the Release of the ACh
      - Vascular Process is Blocked, Ability to Inhibit Motor Neurons is Disrupted
      - Toxin Moves Throughout CNS into Terminals Responsible for releasing inhibitors
      - Toxin Transported Via Axons to CNS
      - Toxin Enters Nerve Terminals
  - - - Structural
        
        Multipolar
        
        Most Abundant
        
        Multiple Extension
        
        Motor & Integrating
        
        Bipolar
        
        Two Extension
        
        Special Sensory Organs
        
        Unipolar
        
        One Extension
        
        Spinal Cord
      - Functional
        
        Integrating Neurons
        
        Interneurons
        
        Process Info & Predict right Respone
        
        Motor Neurons
        
        Efferent Neurons
        
        Send Directions for Right Response
        
        Sensory
        
        Afferent Neurons
        
        Collect Info from Receptors
    - - Central Nervous System
        
        Brain
        
        Controls Thoughts, Memory, Speech, & Movement
        
        Spine
        
        Support & Balance
        
        Pass Messages from Sensory Receptors to Brain
      - Muscular System
        
        Allows Movement
        
        Heat Production
      - Skeletal
        
        Mobility
        
        Heat Production
        
        Posture
      - Cardiovascular System
        
        Heart
        
        Pumps Blood throughout Body
        
        Blood Vessel
        
        Transports Gases / Nutrients & Removes Waste
      - Respiratory System
        
        Transports gases
    - - Excitatory
        
        Says "Fire"
        
        No Summation
        
        Temporal Summation
        
        Spatial Summation
        
        Open Channels that Depolarized Membrane
        
        Voltage-gated Sodium Channels
        
        EPSPs
      - Inhibitory
        
        Open Channels that Hyperpolarize Membrane
        
        Voltage-gated Potassium Channels
        
        Voltage-gated Chloride Channels
        
        Says "Don't Fire"
        
        IPSPs
      - Spatial Summation of EPSPs & IPSPs
        
        Says "Fire & Don't Fire"
        
        Cancels each other out
    - - Sacrolemma
        
        Membrane
        
        Chemically-gated Sodium Channels
      - T- Tubeles
        
        Foldings Regularly Spaced in Sacrolemma
        
        Allows Membrane Potential to Reach all Myofibrils
      - Sacroplasmic Reticulum
        
        Stores Calcium in Resting Cell
        
        Releases Calcium When Ready To Contract
      - Action Potential
        
        Electrical Signal that Sends Messages
      - Voltage- Sensitive Proteins
        
        Shape Changing Proteins due to Changes in Charge
        
        Voltage-gated Calcium Channels
      - NMJ
        
        ACh is released