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AAC (Multimodal (Transmitted, understood, Shared topic, mode of…
AAC
Multimodal
Transmitted, understood
Shared topic, mode of communication, facial expression, body lang, gestures
Express purpose/function
when external constraints limit effectiveness of our spoken lang. Used in distance, need to get attention first eg. asking for directions
Used when internal constraints limit effectiveness: complex communicative needs
Range
Formality
Formal
Informal
Tech
High tech
Speech generating devices
Single message devices, recordable devices
AAC software used w ipads, computers
Switch to make selections
Low tech
Pictures
Objects
Photos
Writing
Comm boards/books
No tech
Gestures
Manual signs
Facial expresions
Vocalisations
Verbalisations
Body lang
Examples
Eye gaze, looking through transparent sheet, colour coded word classes
PODD
Aid
Unaided
X require external tool
Need motor control
Aided
Need external support
Symbols
How easily the meaning can be guessed from transparent (looks like what they represent) to opaque (abstract)
Symbolic, abstract symbols fn the same to early communicators
Symbol meaning is learnt through its use
Selection Techniques
Direct
Independent selection
Physical touch
Generated activation eg. eye gaze, joystick
Indirect
Someone helps you
Partner assisted scanning
Using switch or voice
Myths debunked
AAC is NOT the last resort in speech, lang acq
AAC DOES NOT stop further speech dev.
Children DO NOT need certain skills to benefit from AAC
Speech generating devices ARE NOT JUST for children who have intact cognition
For everybody and any ability
Defn
Addresses needs of indvs with significant, complex communications disorders char by impairments in speech-lang production and/or comprehension, written, spoken comm
Techniques and tools: picture communication boards, line drawings, speech generating devices, finger spelling help indv generate thoughts, wants, needs, feelings, ideas
Augmentative-supplement existing speech, alternative when used in place of speech when it is X functional
May be temporary when used by pts in intensive care, permanent when used by indv who will use some form of AAC throughout his lifetime
Modes of communication
Deictic gestures
Indicate referents in immediate env
showing
reaching
giving
pointing
refinements eg. hand--> finger
Conventional communicate gestures
social greetings/markers, specific to context, culture eg. waving hello, nod head, shrug
Representational/symbolic gestures
referent not manipulated, meaning does not change w context
X need actual object in your presence
Sign language
Auslan: Aussie sign language. Not mouthing w it, grammar different, every sign has specific meaning
Signed English: every word signed
Key word sign: time for 'what is the time', mouth words also
Communication
Not end goal, impt to let indvs participate
Autonomous
Being able to say
What I want to say
To who I want to say it to
Whenever, whatever I want to say
Understand others
Competence
Indv's ability to freely express ideas thoughts, feelings to variety of listeners across contexts
Provide means to achieve personal, educational, vocational, social goals
MUST achieve this but paths vary!!
Factors
Linguistic competence
Mastery of linguistic code of lang spoken, written in community, AAC system
Social competence
Knowledge, judgment, skill
Strategic competence
How to fix communication breakdown
Operational competence
Technical skills
Vocab
Boards used to only have nouns, can only request
Ability to
Put words tgt
Contribute, participate in every situation
Dev into autonomous communicator
Core vocab: words used in freq, variety of situations, many grammatical classes
Assessment
Components
Communication requirements
Communication opportunities
Partner competence
Indv competence
Gathering, analysing info so that ppl who communicate through AAC, those who assist them can make informed decisions about
Adequacy of current comm
Indv's current, future comm needs
AAC techniques that appear to be more appropriate
How to provide instruction regarding use of techniques
How to evaluate outcomes
Principles
Take approach that everyone can use to communicate
Must be consumer responsive
Must be conducted by collab teams
Must focus on fnal, ADL
Fn implications of disorder
Focus on strengths
Need to problem solve, collect info on progress tgt, getting history and seeing how you can move forward from here
Strategies
Enhance use
Topic setting
Letter, word prediction
Location of vocab for easy access
Communication opportunities: waiting, reinforcing, modelling
Aided lang stimulation
Model how we use it eg. saying and pointing. Use ipad to communicate
Shown to increase receptive lang
Improves pragmatic, semantic, syntax, morpho
Learning
Who uses AAC?
Ppl w complex communication needs
Congenital disabilities
X just about current condition, also future: has to support dev of receptive lang, neuro eg. cerebral palsy, down syndrome, ASD, ID, generitc disorders, dyspraxia of speech
Acquired disabilities
Stroke, TBI, neurodegenerative, disability following surgery
Temporary conditions
Intubation in critical care settings