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Skeletal Diana Martinez Period 4 (anatomy of long bone (proximal epiphysis…
Skeletal Diana Martinez Period 4
types of bones
long bone
considerably longer than wide
short bone
cube shaped
irregular bone
complicated shapes that fit none of the classes
flat bone
thin, flattened and a bit curved
anatomy of long bone
proximal epiphysis
closer to the point of attachment
diaphysis
the shaft
distal epiphysis
further end of the bone
epiphyseal plate
a hyaline cartilage at each end of a long bone
articular cartilage
abrorbs shock
red marrow
spongy bone
highly vascularized; contains red marrow; located at the ends of bones surrounded by compact bone
endosteum
a thin vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface
medullary cavity
in the diaphysis
periosteum
external surface of bone
compact bone
material used to create much of the hard structure of the skeleton
microscopic anatomy of compact bone tissue,
It can be found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection
also called osteon
bone remodeling
involves bone deposition and removal; does not occur uniformly; goes on continuously in the skeleton, primarily regulated by two control loops that serve different purposes: maintain Ca and keep bone strong;
bone fracture repair
1.a hematompa forms
blood cells clot, forming hematompa
2.fibrocartilaginous
blood cells grow into the clot; cartilaginous matrix secreted in which forms a fibrocartilginous callus.
bony callus forms
osteoblasts begin forming spongy bone; gradually replaced by immature bone making it a bony (hard) callus
Bone remodeling occurs
excess materials on diaphysis exterior and medullary cavity; compact bone is laid down to reconstruct shaft walls
pelvis
male pelvis
taller
narrower
more compact bone
heart shaped
female pelvis
large and broad
oval shaped
synovial joints
plane joint
intercarpal joints
hinge joint
elbow joints
pivot joint
proximal radioulnar joints; atlantoaxial joint
condylar joint
metacarpophalangangeal (knuckles) joints
saddle joint
carometacarpal jointa of the thumbs
ball-and-socket joint
shoulder joints
disorders
cartilage tears
occurs due to overdoing various forms of exercise
sprains
ligaments are stretched or torn
dislocations
occurs when bones are are forced out of alignment .
bursitis
tendonitis
inflammation of the tendons sheaths; caused by overuse
arthritis
most common; acute forms result from bacterial invasion
rheumatoid arthritis
inflammatory disorder-joint tenderness and stiffness
gouty arthritis
attack of gouty arthritis occurs when uric acid is disputed somewhere else
lyme disease
inflammatory disease caused by spirochete bacteria transmitted by the bite of ticks
bones
axial skeleton
cranium
frontal
forehead
parietal
top of the head
occipital
back of the head
temporal
temples
vomer
nose
maxilla
nasal
nose
mandible
jaw
zygomatic
cheeks
thoracic cage
manubrium
sternum
xiphoid
ribs
clavicle
scapula
vertebral column
thoracic
back
Lumbar
back
cervical
spine
sacral
lower back
pelvis
ischium
lilac fossa
pelvic girdle
coccyx
sacrum
pelvic symphysis
appendicular skeleton
humerus
biceps
radius
forearm
ulna
forearm
carpals
wrists
metacarpals
hand
phalanges
toes/fingers
femur
thigh
patella
knee cap
tibia
shin
fibula
shin
tarsals
ankle
metatarsals
foot