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Mass Education vs. Elite Education (Mass = Vocational, Elite = Liberal…
Mass Education vs. Elite Education
Mass = Vocational
Elite = Liberal Arts
Assimilation vs. Accommodation
Melting Pot vs. Salad Bowl
People from other countries ASSIMILATE, they learn to be American; “melting pot” of US;
American = way of speaking, values, patriotic beliefs, adhering to unspoken rules/values
Believes you will be less successful if you keep foreign identity
ACCOMMODATION welcomes foreigners but says to hold on to foreign culture AND commit to American values
you do not have to MELT
Retain both identities = "salad bowl” because ingredients do not lose their flavor
Thorndike = assimilation
Dewey = accommodation
Edward Thorndike vs. John Dewey
Assimilation
Father of Standardized testing
Interested in how animals learn
Theory that we learn same way as all animals; schools should be puzzle boxes; focus on working on artificial conditions and learn that way
Psychometric testing learn through trial and error narrowly and clearly defined tasks (cats)
Behaviorism - giving extrinsic goals
Learning should reflect science
Learning is a technical activity
Accommodation
philosopher, what it means to live a meaningful life
Child-centered learning; start with what childeren want to know
Learning needs to be result of intrinsic motivation
Education for democratic reasons, teaches people how to get along
sees schools as mini-democracies
Learn by-doing what interests you (hands-on) or laboratory setting
Learning is Social!
Constructivism - we construct our knowledge, we constantly rebuild our understandings of knowledge
Learning should reflect nature
Thorndike/Assimilation mostly won this battle