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Skeletal System - Thomas Cruz P.4 (Movements allowed by Synovial Joints…
Skeletal System - Thomas Cruz P.4
Bones
Lower Extremity
Femur
Thigh
Patella
Knee
Tibia
right side of the lower leg
Fibula
Inner bone of the lower leg
Tarsals
ankle
Calcaneus
Heel
Metatarsals
foot
phalanges
Toes
Upper Extremity
Humerus
Upper arm
Radius
outer bone of the arm
Clavicle
Collar Bone
Scapula
shoulder blade
Ulna
Inner bone of the arm
Carpals
Wrists
Metacarpals
Hand
Phalanges
Fingers
Skull
Frontal
Forehead
Mandible
Jaw
Nasal
Nose
Lacrimal
Tear Socket
Types of Bones
Flat Bones
expand into broad, flat plates
Ex: Occipital, Parietal
Long Bones
mainly located in the appendicular
EX; Tibia, Fibula, Femur
Irregular Bones
found in the spine
EX; Vertebrae, Sacrum
Short Bones
cube shaped bones
Ex: Talus, scaphoid
Anatomy of the Long Bone
Epiphysis
the capped wide areas on each end of every long bone
Diaphysis
The largest part of any long bone
Metaphysis
between the epiphysis and the long shift of the diaphysis
Medullary Cavity
long cavity inside of the Diaphysis of the Long Bone
Microscopic Anatomy of Compact Bone Tissue
Osteons
what it is mainly composed of
Lamallae
has layers of this all around a central canal
contains blood vessels and nerve fibers
Bone Remodeling
Reversal
osteoblasts appear along the burrow where they increase as numbers
Formation
osteoblasts release osteoid at the site and form a nonmineralized matrix
Resorption
osteoclasts dig out a cavity
Quiescience
site with resting lining cells and remains dormant to next cycle
Activation
preosteoclasts attracted to remodeling sites
Bone Fracture Repair
Stage 2
Fibrocartilaginous calls forms
Stage 3
Bony callus forms
Stage 1
formation of hematoma
Stage 4
Bone remodeling occurs in the bone
Joints
Pivot Joint
Ex: Proximal radioulnar joints, atlantoaxial joint
Condylar Joint
Ex: Carpometacarpal joints of the thumb
Hinge Joint
Ex: Elbow joints, interphalangeal joints
Saddle Joint
Ex: Metacarpophalangeal joints, wrist joints
Plane Joint
Ex; intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints
Ball-and-socket joint
Ex: Shoulder joints and hip joints
Male vs. Female Pelvis
Male Pelvis
robust, narrower, and taller, angle of male pubic arch
Female Pelvis
larger and broader, able to help the birthing of a child
Movements allowed by Synovial Joints
Adduction
Towards
Extension
Open
Abduction
Away
Flexion
Close
Rotate
Circular motion
Gliding
glides or slip over
Supination
turning backward
Pronation
turning forward
Dorsiflexion
wrist extension
Plantar Flexion
wrist flexion
Inversion
sole of foot turns medially
Eversion
sole faces laterally
Protraction
jut your jaw out
Retraction
bring jaw in
Elevation
lifting a body part superiorly
Depression
moving elevated part down
Opposition
movement of thumb and index finger together
Disorders
Osteoporosis
a group of diseases in which bone resorption outpaces bone deposit
Rickets
the analogous disease in children of rapid growing bones caused by insufficient calcium
Paget's Bone Disease
characterized by excessive and haphazard bone deposit and resorption with a newly formed bone called the pagetic bone
Osteomalacia
includes a number of disorders in which the bones are poorly mineralized and osteoid is produced but not enough calcium