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skeletal system, Jamie Pino, pd. 4 (types of bones (long bone:have 2 shaft…
skeletal system, Jamie Pino, pd. 4
axial skeleton
skull
frontal/forehead, nasal/nose, zygomatic/ cheeks, maxilla/upper lip, mandible/jaw
Rib cage
sternum, true ribs, false ribs, floating rib, vertebral column/spine
sacrum
coccyx
Appendicular skeleton
arm
scapula/shoulder,clavicle/collar bone, radius, humerus/arm, ulna, carpals/wrist, metacarpals, phalanges/fingers,
leg
femur/thigh, tibia/shin, fibula/small bone in leg, tarsals/ankles, metatarsals, phalanges/toes
types of bones
long bone:have 2 shaft and two ends
anatomy of long bone:
the ends of the bone is called the epiphyses on the corner is the articular cartilage, there is also a epiphyses seal in the spongy bone surrounding it is compound bone (external)
after the epiphyses the diaphysis within it is the medullar cavity is filled with yellow marrow
There is also the nutrient foreman along with the endosteum and the periosteum
short bones: they're shaped like cubes, (sesamoid) type of short bone)
flat bones: thin, flat, curved (sternum,shoulder blades,ribs. cranial)
Irregular bones: have irregular shape (vertebrac, hip bones,etc)
microscopic anatomy of compact bone
osteons: composed of tube, the circles are umellae, theres blood vessels in the the tubes
osteocytes are mature bone cells whose job is to maintain bone matrix
osteoclasts are wheat breaks bone
osteoblasts are what makes the bones
bone remodeling: osteocytes send signals to osteoclast to destroy the bone (osteocytes respond to stimuli/stress)
resorption is when calcium phosphate is dissolved and it's released into blood
healing bones
wear a cast to fix the bone
reduction of broken bone ends (realignment)
coaxed back into position
male and female pelvis
the female pelvis is wider, rounder, shorter. This is due to the fact that a woman's body is made to reproduce and push a baby through there.
the male pelvis is much more narrow, it is also much taller (bones)
types of joints
synarthroses: nonmoveable joints
Amphiarthroses : partly moveable joints
Diarthroses: moveable joints
What joints are made of
fibrous joints : connect bones with dense connective fibrous tissue
cartilageaginous joints: put bones together with cartilage
synovial joints: fluid filled cavity joints
plane
hinge
condylar
pivot
ball and socket
saddle
movements
gliding:side to side movement
angular movements
flexion, hyperextension, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction