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Skeletal System (Bones (Types of Bones (Irregular (bones that do not fit…

- - - - form the walls of the thoratic cage
        
        False Ribs
        
        next 5 pairs
        
        attach indirectly to sternum
        
        Floating Ribs
        
        last 2 pairs
        
        lack sternal attchment
        
        True Ribs
        
        first 7 pairs
        
        attach directly to sternum
    - - Thoratic
        
        second 12 bones
        
        they are larger than the cervical vertebrae
      - Cervicle
        
        first 7 bones
        
        form the neck region of the spine
      - Lumbar
        
        last 5 bones
        
        have massive blocklike bodies
      - Sacrum
        
        formed by fusion of 5 vertebrae
      - Coccyx
        
        formed by the fusion of 3-5 tiny vertebrae
    - - Cranium
        
        Frontal
        
        forms the forehead
        
        Parietal
        
        form most of the superior and lateral walls of cranium
      - Temporal
      - occipital
      - sphenloid
      - ethmoid
      - Facial
        
        Lacrimal
        
        fingernail size bones forming part of the medial walls of each orbit
        
        Nasal
        
        small rectangular bones forming bridge of the nose
        
        Zygomatic
        
        commonly referred to as the cheek bones
        
        Vomer
        
        single bone in the median line of nasal cavity
        
        Palatine
        
        lie posterior to the palatine processes of the maxillae
        
        Inferior Conchae
        
        thin curved bones projecting from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
        
        Maxillae
        
        two maxillary bones fuse to form the upper jaw
        
        Mandible
        
        lower jaw and strongest bone on the face
      - Hyoid
        
        closely related to the mandible and the temporal bones. Only bone in the body that doesn't articulate directly with any other bone.
  - - - bones that do not fit into either of the three are irregular. The vertebrae and hip bones fall into this group.
    - - generally cube-shaped and contain mostly spongey bone. Bones of the wrist and ankles are made of short bones
    - - are thin, flattened and usually curved. two thin layers of compact bone sandwiching spongey bone in the middle; skull, ribs, and sternum are flat bones
    - - typically longer than wide. They have a shaft with heads at each end. Made mostly of compound bone; all the bones of the limbs are long bone except wrist and ankles.
  - - - formed by two coxal bones
        
        illium
        
        connects posteriorly with the sacrum
        
        pubis
        
        most anterior part of coxal bone
        
        ishium
        
        receives body weight when you sit
        
        Bones of lower limbs
        
        Tibia
        
        is larger and more medial
        
        Fibula
        
        lies alongside the tibia
        
        Femur
        
        the ONLY bone in the thigh
        
        Tarsals
        
        tarsus is composed pf 7 tarsal bones
        
        Metatarsals
        
        five metatarsals form the sole
        
        Talus
        
        the ankle
        
        Calcaneous
        
        the heelbone
        
        Phalanges
        
        14 phalanges form the toes
    - - clavicle
        
        slender and curved bone
      - scapula
        
        triangular and flare
      - Bones of upper limbs
        
        Arms
        
        Ulna
        
        medial bone of the the forearm
        
        Carpals
        
        arranged in two irregular rows of four; make sup wrists
        
        Radius
        
        lateral bone that is on the thumb side
        
        Metacarpals
        
        palm of the hand
        
        Humerus
        
        typically long bone with rounded end that fits into shallow glenoid cavity
        
        Phalanges
        
        bones of the fingers
  - - - is dense and looks smooth and homogenous
    - - is composed of small needlelike pieces of bone and lots of open space
- - - - Hinge
        
        the cylandrical end of one bone fits into a trouph-shaped surface on another bone; angular movements allowed but in one plane only
      - Pivot
        
        the rounded end of one bone fits into a sleeve or ring of bone. pivot joints are also uniaxial joints
      - Plane
        
        the articular surfaces if essentially flat and only short slipping/sliding movements allowed
      - Condyloid
        
        the egg shaped articular surface of one bone fits into an oval concavity in another. Allow movement from side to side and back and forth
      - Saddle
        
        each articular surface has both convex and concave areas. Essentially allow he same movements as condyloid joints
      - Ball and Socket
        
        the spherical head of the bone fits into a round socket in another
- - - - pubic angle less than 90 degrees
  - - - pubic angle more than 90 degree
        
        Shallower, lighter, illia flare more laterally, sacrum is shorter and less curved; ischium spine shorter farther apart thus outlet is larger