Simple molecules vs Giant structures

Simple Molecules (Covalent Bonded)

Giant Covalent

Graphite has a giant covalent structure it has 4 valence electrons that are can bond. In graphite, each carbon atom is covalently bonded to 3 other carbon atoms. Therefore, every carbon atom has 1 electron that is not used for bonding.

Nitrogen

the structure of nitrogen is a central nucleus, with of seven protons and seven neutrons, surrounded by seven electrons.

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Water (H2o)

Water's chemical formula is H2O, which means there are two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom.

Metallic (Delocalized)

Copper (also a Ion)

Metallic (Delocalized) is basically that electrons are free to move around the solid because they are not attached to any nucleus. This shows for copper because its electron moves freely around throughput te solid.

Fullerenes are a giant covalent structure. it has an allatrope of carbon in which molecules consists of carbon atoms connected by single and double bonds so, with fused rings of five to seven atoms.

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Carbon dioxide (c02)

The carbon dioxide molecule is formed from one carbon atom and two oxygens. As an element, carbon only has 4 outer shell electrons and oxygen 6. Double covalent bonds form between the atoms, where two electrons from each atom are shared making 4 bonding electrons in total.

Silicon dioxide is the main compound found in sand. it is a substance with a giant covalent structure. It contains many silicon and oxygen atoms. All the atoms in its structure are linked to each other by strong covalent bonds.

Giant Ionic

Sodium Chloride

NaCl acts as a good conductor of electricity due to the free movement of the ions. It has a melting point of 801°C and a boiling point of 1,413°C.

it is a giant ionic because it involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another to ensure each atom has a full outer shell of electrons. Sodium will lose an electron to become Na+ whilst chloride will gain an electron to form Cl-.

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