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Skeletal System, Diego Lopez-Patzan p.7 (bones (The clavicle or…
Skeletal System, Diego Lopez-Patzan p.7
bones
The clavicle or collarbone is a long bone that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum or breastbone.
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scapula: also known as shoulder bone, shoulder blade
nasal: two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face and by their junction, form the bridge of the nose.
The sternum or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest, it connects to the ribs
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frontal: front of the skull, forehead
ulna: the thinner and longer of the two bones in the human forearm, on the side opposite to the thumb.
maxilla: the jaw or jawbone, specifically the upper jaw in most vertebrates
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mandible: the jaw or a jawbone, especially the lower jawbone in mammals and fishes.
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cranium: the skull, especially the part enclosing the brain.
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tibia:he inner and typically larger of the two bones between the knee and the ankle (or the equivalent joints in other terrestrial vertebrates), parallel with the fibula.
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fibula:the outer and usually smaller of the two bones between the knee and the ankle in humans (or the equivalent joints in other terrestrial vertebrates), parallel with the tibia.
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cervical: top section of spine, thoracic: middle section of spine, lumbar lower spine
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type of bones
short bones: carpals, ankle
irregular bones: vertebrae, pelvis
long bones: humerus, femur
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anatomy of long bone
Diaphysis – shaft of compact bone.Covered with thin connective tissue called Periosteum. Contains Medullary cavity
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Articular Cartilage: Smooth, glassy cartilage
allows bones to glide past each other. Decreases friction
between ones.
Periosteum: Membrane that covers bone.
Attachment site for muscles,
tendons and ligaments
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joints
Ball-and-socket (spheroidal): very wide range of motion is possible
(multiaxial); examples include the shoulder and hip joints
condylar joint (ellipsoidal): a variety of motions; an example is
the
joint between a metacarpal and a phalange.
synovial joints: freely movable( ex. hands feet, etc) fibrous joints: general immovable(example sutures of the skull) , Cartilaginous joints: slightly movable( pubic synthesis) connects articulating bones
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types of joints: Synarthroses – immovable joints,
Amphiarthroses – slightly moveable joints,
Diarthoses – freely movable joints
Hinge joint: a convex surface fits into a concave surface, examples elbow and phalange joints
Pivot joint: cylindrical surface rotates within a ring of a bone and fibrous tissue, examples proximal ends of the radius and play unla
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types of movement
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• Lateral flexion - bending head, neck , or trunk to the side
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disorders
Osteoporosis is when bones begin to thin, effects women over 65 more than men, effects long bones and spine, cause by low calcium diet, lack of vitamin D and low levels of estrogen in women.
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Osteoarthritis related to normal aging process, physical trauma, or repetitive motion
Rheumatoid arthritis-autoimmune disease, disease system attacks joints
Gout arthritis is the inflammation of joints and is caused by the deposition of urate crystals from the blood.
The difference between a male and female pelvis is that a male's pelvis is taller than females but females are wider and larger. females have a larger and wider pelvis because they have to give birth.