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Skeletal System (Bone Fractures- (Bone Fracture: a break or cause in a…
Skeletal System
Bone Fractures-
Bone Fracture: a break or cause in a bone
Types of Fractures:
Bone fracture Repair:
Reduction: bone is set, realigned and immobilized by cast or traction
Hematoma: swelling caused by broken blood vessels,deprives bone cells of nutrients and die
fibrocartilage callus: mass of repair tissue forms a splint to close the gap in
Closed: break that does not break skin
Open: broken bone penetrates through skin
Comminuted: Bone is broken into more than 3 pieces
Compression: Bone is crushed and collapsed on itself
Depressed: Bone is pressed inward and dented in
Impacted: Broken bone is forced into each other
Spiral Fracture: ragged break from a twisting force
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causes: highs lvls of stress, impact, pressure on healthy bone
Joints
Articular Cavity: potential space in joint
Articular Joint capsule: strength joint no bones pulled apart
Synovial Joint: occupy free space in joint
Articular Cartilage: keep bone from being crushed
Reinforce Ligament: Capsule stretchy and loose
Nerve and Blood vessel: blood filtrate basis of synovial fluid
Disease:
Osteoporosis: bone thinning disease, fragile, more common in women (affects long bones and spine)
Sprain: ligaments or tendons reinforcing joints are torn or stretchered
Bursitis: inflammation of Bursa
Tendinitis: inflammation of tendon sheaths
Arthritis: inflammatory or degenerative disease of joints
Osteoarthritis: most common arthritis, related to aging :
Gouty Arthritis: inflammation of joints
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Caused By: deposition of urate acid crystals
most WIDE-SPREAD CRIPPLING disease in US
caused by: blow or friction
caused by: poor calcium diet, lack of vit. D, low lvls of estrogen
Names of Bones
SKULL: frontal, parietal, temporal, zygomatic, mandible, nasal, maxilla , cervical
Arm limbs: Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpal. metacarpal, phalanges
Leg limbs: Femur, Patella (Knee cap), Fibula, tiba, talus, carpal, calcaneus, metacarpal, phalanges
Abominable: Sternum, scapula, clavicle, rib, thoracic vertebre, lumbar vertebre
Pelvic area: Coxal, sacrum, coccyx,
Types of Bones
LONG BONE: has a shaft, 2 ends, can often expand,. They have an elongated shape
SHORT BONE: cubed shaped, vary in sizes, alter direction, and pull and reduce friction and modify pressure
FLAT BONE: thin, flattened, sometimes curved, is breastbone , shoulder blade, rib cage and cranial bone
IRREGULAR BONE: complicated shape that doesn't fit in any other category, found in vertebrae and hip bone
LONG BONE:
External: Proximal, epiphysis, diaphysis, epiphsis plate, distal epiphysis
Internal: articular cartilage, spongy bone, (red marrow), compact bone, medullary cavity (yellow marrow),
Microscopic Anatomy of Compact Bone:
Canaliculi and Haversian Canal which is the basic unit of compact bone made up of Calcium salt and has flexibility and mature bone cells sit in cavity which is the lacunae
Bone Remodeling:
Bone is continoulsy being broken down and changed
Balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts
Difference in Pelvis:
Male Pelvis: narrower and heart-shaped, >90
Female: larger and rounder, <90,sacrum is shorter & less curved
Types of Bone Cells:
Osteocytes: MATURE bone cells
Osteoblasts: bone-FORMING cells
Osteoclasts: bone-DESTROYING cells