Skeletal System

Names of Bones

SKULL: frontal, parietal, temporal, zygomatic, mandible, nasal, maxilla , cervical

Arm limbs: Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpal. metacarpal, phalanges

Leg limbs: Femur, Patella (Knee cap), Fibula, tiba, talus, carpal, calcaneus, metacarpal, phalanges

Abominable: Sternum, scapula, clavicle, rib, thoracic vertebre, lumbar vertebre

Pelvic area: Coxal, sacrum, coccyx,

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Types of Bones

LONG BONE: has a shaft, 2 ends, can often expand,. They have an elongated shape

SHORT BONE: cubed shaped, vary in sizes, alter direction, and pull and reduce friction and modify pressure

FLAT BONE: thin, flattened, sometimes curved, is breastbone , shoulder blade, rib cage and cranial bone

IRREGULAR BONE: complicated shape that doesn't fit in any other category, found in vertebrae and hip bone

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LONG BONE:

External: Proximal, epiphysis, diaphysis, epiphsis plate, distal epiphysis

Internal: articular cartilage, spongy bone, (red marrow), compact bone, medullary cavity (yellow marrow),

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Microscopic Anatomy of Compact Bone:

Bone Remodeling:

Bone Fractures-

Joints

Difference in Pelvis:

Male Pelvis: narrower and heart-shaped, >90

Articular Cavity: potential space in joint

Disease:

Bone Fracture: a break or cause in a bone

Types of Fractures:

causes: highs lvls of stress, impact, pressure on healthy bone

Bone fracture Repair:

Closed: break that does not break skin

Open: broken bone penetrates through skin

Comminuted: Bone is broken into more than 3 pieces

Compression: Bone is crushed and collapsed on itself

Depressed: Bone is pressed inward and dented in

Impacted: Broken bone is forced into each other

Spiral Fracture: ragged break from a twisting force

Greenstick: Bones break incompletely

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Reduction: bone is set, realigned and immobilized by cast or traction

Hematoma: swelling caused by broken blood vessels,deprives bone cells of nutrients and die

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Canaliculi and Haversian Canal which is the basic unit of compact bone made up of Calcium salt and has flexibility and mature bone cells sit in cavity which is the lacunae

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fibrocartilage callus: mass of repair tissue forms a splint to close the gap in

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Osteoporosis: bone thinning disease, fragile, more common in women (affects long bones and spine)

Types of Bone Cells:

Osteocytes: MATURE bone cells

Osteoblasts: bone-FORMING cells

Osteoclasts: bone-DESTROYING cells

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Female: larger and rounder, <90,sacrum is shorter & less curved

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Sprain: ligaments or tendons reinforcing joints are torn or stretchered

caused by: poor calcium diet, lack of vit. D, low lvls of estrogen

Bursitis: inflammation of Bursa

Tendinitis: inflammation of tendon sheaths

caused by: blow or friction

Arthritis: inflammatory or degenerative disease of joints

Osteoarthritis: most common arthritis, related to aging :

most WIDE-SPREAD CRIPPLING disease in US

Gouty Arthritis: inflammation of joints

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Caused By: deposition of urate acid crystals

Articular Joint capsule: strength joint no bones pulled apart

Synovial Joint: occupy free space in joint

Articular Cartilage: keep bone from being crushed

Reinforce Ligament: Capsule stretchy and loose

Nerve and Blood vessel: blood filtrate basis of synovial fluid

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Bone is continoulsy being broken down and changed

Balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts

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