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Skeletal system (206 bones (Appendicular skeleton- bones of pectoral and…
Skeletal system
206 bones
Axial skeleton - Bones of face and skull
Appendicular skeleton- bones of pectoral and pelvic girdle
Composed of: - clavicle- limb to sternum (breastbone) - Scapula- attaches to upper lib to back of shoulder by muscle.
Cranium- enclosed and protects fragile brain tissue
frontal- forehead
Parietal- top sides of head
Temporal- Above ear
Occipital- back of head
Sphenoid- floor of skull
Ethmoid- roof of nasal cavity and orbital
Longs bones- typically longer than wide
have a shaft with heads at both ends
flat bones- thin and flattened , usually curved
skull bones, ribs, sternum
short bones- Generally cube shape
carpals, tarals, patella, calcaneus
Diaphysis- long portion of long bone
Epiphysis- ends of bone; mostly of spongy bones
Epiphyseal plate- A flat plate of hyaline cartilage between epiphysis and diaphysis
Articular cartilage- covers the external surface; reduces friction and made of hyaline cartilage.
Periosteum- outside covering of diaphysis. Fibrous connective tissue membrane .
Osteon- a unit of bone
Central canal- carries blood vessels and nerves
Perforating ( volkmann's canal) - canal perpendicular to central canal. Carries blood vessels and nerves
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Sharpey's fibers- Secure periosteum to underlying bone
Medullary cavity- cavity of the shaft. contains yellow (fat) marrow.
Arteries supply bone cells with nutrients.
Compact bone - outer layer of bone.
Spongy bone- small needle- like pieces of bone in a pattern called trabeculae. found at ends of bone and inner bone. Spaces within contains red marrow.
Joints- connection of two or more bones
Sagitail- between two parietal bones
Lambdoidal- between occipital and parietal bones
coronal- frontal and parietal bones
squamous- between parietal bones
Cartilage - Surrounds ends of bones
Ligament- connects bone to bone
Irregular bones- various shapes or do not fit into each other categories